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Feldman DevPsy ch. 4
Physical Development in Infancy
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| cephalocaudal principle | the principle that growth follows a pattern that begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds down to the rest of the body |
| proximodistal principle | the principle that development proceeds from the center of the body outward |
| principle of heirarchial intergration | the principle that simple skills typically develop separately and independently but are later intergrated into more complex skills |
| principle of the independence of systems | the principle that different body systems grow at different rates |
| neuron | basic nerve cell of the nervous system |
| synapse | the gap at the connection between neurons, through wich neruons chemically communicate with one another |
| myelin | a fatty substance that helps insulate neurons and speeds the transmission of nerve impulses |
| cerebral cortex | the upper layer of the brain |
| plasticity | the degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience |
| sensitive period | a specific, but limited, time, usually early in an organism's life during which the organism is particularly susceptible to enviromental influences related to some particular facet of development |
| rhythms | repetitive, cyclical patterns of behavior |
| state | the degree of awarness an infanct displays to both internal and external stimulation |
| rapid eye movement sleep | the period of sleep that is found in older children and adults and is associated with dreaming |
| sudden infant death syndrome | the unexplained death of a seemingly healthy baby |
| reflexes | unlearned, organized involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli |
| norms | the average performance of a large sample of children of a given age |
| Brazelton Neonatal Bahavioral Assessment Scale | a measure designed to determine infants' neurological and behavioral responses to their environment |
| marasmus | a disease characterized by the cessation of growth |
| kwashiorkor | a disease in which a child's stomach, limbs, and face swell with water |
| nonorganic failure to thrive | a disorder in which infants stop growing due to a lack of stimulaiton and attention as the result of inadequate parenting |
| sensation | the stimulation of the sense organs |
| perception | the sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli involving the sense organs and brain |
| multimodal approach to perception | the approach that considers how information that is collected by various individual sensory systems is integrated and coordinated |
| affordances | the action possibilities that a given situation or stimulus provides |
Created by:
eestrand
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