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Psychology.Chapter.8
Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The capacity to retain and retrieve information | Memory |
| Memory is what kind of process? | Reconstructive |
| The inability to distinguish an actual memory of an event from information you learned elsewhere about the event | Source Misattribution |
| Remembering your early childhood birthdays by incorporating information from family stories, photographs, or home videos is an example of... | Source Misattribution |
| When an important memory holds a special place in our memory. Named because it captures surprise, illumination, and seemingly photographic detail that characterize them. | Flashbulb Memory |
| Where you were on 9/11 is an example of... | A Flashbulb Memory |
| Confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened | Confabulation |
| Conscious, intentional recollection of an event or of an item of information | Explicit Memory |
| Explicit memory is measured using these two methods | Recall & Recognition |
| The ability to retrieve and reproduce from memory previously encountered material | Recall |
| The ability to identify previously encountered material | Recognition |
| Essay questions and fill-in-the-blank questions require you to... | Recall |
| True-False and Multiple-Choice tests call for... | Recognition |
| Unconscious retention in memory, as evidenced by the effect of a previous experience or previously encountered information on current thoughts or actions | Implicit Memory |
| A method for measuring implicit memory in which a person reads or listens to information and is later tested to see whether the information affects performance on another type of task. | Priming |
| Mental networks of knowledge | Cognitive Schemas |
| A memory system that momentarily preserves extremely accurate sensory information before the information fades or moves into short-term memory | Sensory Register |
| In the three-box model of memory, a limited-capacity memory system involved in the retention of information for brief periods; it is also used to hold information retrieved from long-term memory for temporary use. | Short-Term Memory |
| Short-term memory plus the mental processes that control retrieval of information from long-term memory and interpret that information appropriately for a given task | Working Memory |
| A meaningful unit of information; it may be composed of smaller units | Chunks |
| In the three-box model of memory, the memory system involved in the long-term storage of information | Long-Term Memory |
| This type of memory has no limits | Long-Term Memory |
| Memories for the performance of actions or skills ("knowing how") | Procedural Memories |
| Memories of facts, rules, concepts, and events ("knowing that") | Declarative Memories |
| Includes Semantic and Episodic Memories | Declarative Memories |
| A model of memory in which knowledge is represented as connections among thousands of interacting processing units, distributed in vast network and all operating in parallel | Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) |
| The tendency for recall of the first and last items on a list surpass recall of items in the middle of the list | Serial-Position Effect |
| Rote repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory | Maintenance Rehearsal |
| Association of new information with already stored knowledge and analysis of the new information to make it memorable | Elaborative Rehearsal |
| In the encoding of information, the processing of meaning rather than simply the physical or sensory features of stimulus | Deep Processing |
| Strategies and tricks for improving memory, such as the use of a verse or a formula | Mnemonics |
| The theory that information in memory eventually disappears if it is not accessed; it applies more to short-term than to long-term memory | Decay Theory |
| The theory that new information entering memory can wipe out old information | Replacement Theory |
| Items of information that can hep us find the specific information we're looking for | Retrieval Cues |
| the inability to retrieve information stored in memory because of insufficient cues for recall | Cue-Dependent Forgetting |
| The tendency to remember something when the rememberer is in the same physical or mental state as during the original learning or experience | State-Dependent Memory |
Created by:
elyk01
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