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11.6.11
Chapter 5 Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| addiction | a condition in which a person continues to use a drug despite its adverse effects--often despite repeated attempts to discontinue using the drug. Addiction may be based on physical or psychological dependence. |
| consciousness | the process by which the brain creates a model of internal and external experience. |
| circadian rhythms | physiological patterns that repeat approximately every 24 hours, such as the sleep-wakefulness cycle. |
| cataplexy | sudden loss of muscle control. |
| daydreaming | a common (and quite normal) variation of consciousness in which attentions shifts to memories, expectations, desires, or fantasies and away from the immediate situation. |
| hypnosis | an induced state of awareness, usually characterized by heightened suggestibility, deep relaxation, and highly focused attention. |
| insomnia | the most common of sleep disorders-involving insufficient sleep, the inability to fall asleep quickly, frequent arousals, or early awakenings |
| latent content | the symbolic meaning of objects and events in a dream. latent content is usually an interpretation based on freud's psychoanalytic theory or one of its variants. the latent content of a dream involving clocks might involve fear of the menstrual cycle and, |
| latent content continuation | hence, of one's sexuality |
| meditation | a state of consciousness often induced by focusing on a repetitive behavior, assuming certain body positions, and minimizing external stimulation. meditation may be intended to enhance self-knowledge well-being, and spirituality. |
| manifest content | the story line of a dream, taken at face value without interpretation. |
| night terrors | deep sleep episodes that seem to produce terror, although any terrifying mental experience (such as a dream) is usually forgotten upon awakening. night terrors usually occur mainly in children. |
| narcolepsy | a disorder of REM sleep, involving sleep-onset REM periods and sudden daytime REM-sleep attacks usually accompanied by cataplexy |
| non-rem (NREM) sleep | the reoccurring periods, mainly associated with the deeper stages of sleep, when a sleeper is not showing rapid eye movements. |
| preconscious memories | information that is not currently in consciousness but can be recalled to consciousness voluntarily or after something calls attention to them. |
| REM sleep | a stage of sleep that occurs approximately every 90 minutes, marked by bursts of rapid eye movements occurring under closed eyelids. REM sleep periods are associated with dreaming. |
| sleep apnea | a respiratory disorder in which the person intermittently stops breathing many times while asleep |
| sleep paralysis | a condition in which a sleeper is unable to move any of the voluntary muscles, except those controlling the eyes. Normally occurs during REM sleep |
| sleep debt | a sleep deficiency caused by not getting the amount of sleep that one requires for optimal functioning |
| unconscious | the psychic domain of which the individual is not aware but that houes memories, desires, and feelings that would be threatening if brought to consciousness |
| withdrawl | a pattern of uncomfortable or painful physical symptoms and cravings experienced by the user when the level of drug is decreased or the drug is eliminated |
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