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Psych 324 Exam 3
Sensation, Cognition, Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cataracts | lens cloud; image cannot focus on retina; treat with surgery (25% of 65+) |
| Vision | 1st noticeable sign of aging; 19% of 65+; equal in men & women |
| Hearing | most well known change; 33% of 70+; more common in men |
| Retina | tissue that lines the eye...inside the tissue is photo-receptors |
| Rods | function in less intense light; more concentrated in periphery |
| Cones | function in bright light; responsible for color vision |
| Blindspot | when information(light) hits the optic nerve |
| Fovea | densely packed # of cones |
| Vitreous gel | guts of the eye; jelly that fills the eye |
| Normal accommodation | involves the lens changing shape depending on an object's distance |
| Presbyopia | A diminished ability to focus on near objects; begins in 40s |
| Visual Acuity | the ability to see fine detail |
| Acuity | much greater at the center of the visual field than is at the periphery |
| Static Acuity | the id of stationery objects and is measured using an eye chart |
| Dynamic Acuity | the id of objects when they are moving or you are moving or BOTH |
| Glaucoma | pressure & fluid build-up; periphery is blurred; genetic: blacks, diabetics; treat with surgery |
| Macular degeneration | receptors cells in retina deteriorate; dark & blurred in center; leading cause of blindness; not easily treated(with surgery) |
| What is clear effect of aging on loudness? | ppl are listening to music at very high levels; 1 in 5 listening to MP3 players at 100dB or higher |
| Pinna (outter ear) | catches soundwave & direct it into the inner ear, where the ear drum is located. |
| Ossicles | ear drum vibrates it, which act as levers and push against the Cochlea |
| Cochlea | a snail shaped, fluid-filled structure |
| Tiny hairs in the Cochlea | turns this pressure into electrical signals, which are then sent to the temporal lobes of the brain |
| Why older adults might show deficits on hearing tests? | perceived to have worse hearing as you age(stereotype); second guess themselves |
| Conductive hearing loss | the opening to the ear canal gets smaller, ear drums becomes thicker, needs more pressure to catch the vibration |
| Presbycusis | progressive loss of hearing of high frequencies as a function of age |
| Tinnitus | ringing in the ears; sign of irritation |
| What role do drugs and noise play in hearing loss? | Ototoxic drugs kill hair cells; noise is bad for auditory at any age |
| Streptomycin | a drug that produce Tinnitus(ototoxic drug) it can't be reversed |
| Aspirin | Large amounts can produce Tinnitus; it is reversible |
| Memory | 1.) Short term memory & Working memory 2.) Long term memory |
| Long term memory (LTM)--> Control --> Automaticity | 1.) Procedural 2.) Declarative |
| Declarative (LTM) | 1.) Semantic 2.) Episodic |
| Sensory Memory | specific systems that hold info briefly until new information is received |
| Short Term Memory | if you are conscious of something, then it must be in STM |
| Memory Span | the # of items that can be recalled, in order, after a brief delay |
| Chunking | A meaningful group of information that can be stored in STM as one item |
| "Chunks" | capacity is 7 +/- 2 (5-9 items) |
| Working Memory | keep information in mind & actively process it |
| Procedural Memory | knowing "how"; "muscle memory" |
| Declarative Memory | knowing "what"; memory for facts & events |
| Semantic Memory | general knowledge & facts that you "know" but can't say where you learned them |
| Association Tasks | remember category; Apple is a _____. |
| Lexical Decision | decide if it is a word |
| Word finding Task | Tip of the tongue; unusual facts & definitions |
| Episodic Memory | memory for specific; autobiographical events |
| Controlled forms of cognition | show significant decline |
| Automatic forms of cognition | show little decline |
| False memory | saying you seen something when you didn't |
| Age difference in the DRM effect | FM goes up; actual memory goes down |
| FM in older adults | 10 times more likely than younger adults to falsely "remember" the correct pair |
Created by:
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