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Diuretic Drugs
Ch. 26 Pharm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the result of diuretics | removal of water and sodium from body |
| how much sodium is reabsorbed into bloodstream in ascending loop of Henle | 20%-25% |
| How much is absorbed in distal convoluted tubule | 5%-10% |
| how much is absorbed in collecting ducts | 3% |
| what are the types of diruretic drugs | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors loop diurectics osmotic diuretics potassium sparing diurectics thiazide adn thiazide-like diurectics |
| Name two carbonic anhydrase inhibitors(CAIs) | acetazolamide(Diamox) methazolamide(Neptazane) |
| what are two advantages of diruetics | low cost and favorable safety profile |
| how much absorption is done in proximal convoluted tubule | 60%-70% |
| What is needed for sodium and water to be resorbed back into the blood | H, w/o H, na and h2o will be eliminated with urine |
| how does carbonic anhydrase work | helps make H ions available for exchange with na and h2o |
| how does carbonic anhydrase INHIBITOR system work | reduce formation of H and HCO3(bicarbonate)ions from CO2 adn H2O and Na and H2O is resorbed in blood, but excreted |
| what else is CAIs benefit | open-angle glaucoma, miotics to lower intraocular pressure, edema, epilepsy, high altitude sickness |
| what are adverse affects of CAIs | lower pH, acidosis, hypokalemia |
| What are 3 loop diurectics | bumetanide(Bumex) furosemide(Lasix) torsemide(Demedex) |
| What are the most potent diuretics | loop diuretics, then thiazide-like, then thiaziades, then K-sparing |
| what do loop diruretics act specifically on in nephron | ascending loop of Henle to inhibit Cl and Na resorption |
| Transport of Na and K back into blood causes passive resorption of | Cl & H2O |
| what are adverse affects of loop diurectics | blurred vision, tinnitus, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, agranulocytosis(decr WBC), neutropenia, thrombocytopenia(decr platelets) |
| what do loop diurectics produce | potent diuresis, loss of fluid reduced BP,pulmonary vascular resistance, systemic vascular resistance, central venous pressure, preload |
| Name a Osmotic diurectic | Mannitol, "Man, it's fast" |
| Where does Mannitol work mainly in nephron | proximal tubule and descending loop of Henle |
| Producing an osmotic effect means osmotic diuretics are not what | non-absorbable |
| what is osmotic diurectics not good for | peripheral edema, why? does not promote sufficient Na excretion |
| What do osmotic diuretics do | boost kidney filration rate, promote excretion of toxic substances, reduce intracranial pressure |
| What are adverse effects of Mannitol | may crystallize in low temps, need filter. "Florida Manatees in warm water" |
| What are K-Sparing Diuretics | amiloride(midamor) spironolactone(Aldactone) triamterene(Dyrenium) |
| Where do K-sparing diuretics work in nephron | collecting ducts adn distal convoluted tubules |
| how do K-sparing diurectics work | prevent K from being pumped into the tubule, sparing K |
| what are adverse affects of K-sparing diuretics | hyperkalemia, incr breast size in male, amenorrhea |
| What do thiazide diuretics have in common in the name | thiazide |
| what is the thiazide-like diuretics | metalazone |
| What do thiazide diuretics do | inhibit resorption of na, cl, K ions, therefore h20,na,cl are excreted |
| what should be watched in thiazide diuretics | creatinine levels- if creatinine clearance is <30-50 (normal is 125mL/min) Metolazone effective to a creatinine clearance of 10mL/min |
| thiazides are prescribed the most for | hypertension |
| At what level of K do you not need K supplements | K levels exceed 3mEq/L |
| What are some foods high in K | bananas, oranges, dates, raisins, plums, fresh veggies, potatoes, meat, fish, apricots, whole grain cereals, legumes |
| what can licorice consumption lead to | hypokalemia in pts taking thiazides |
Created by:
palmerag
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