click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 4
Sensation and Perception
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is sensation? | The stimulation of the somatic nervous system and the transmission of that information to the Central Nervous System. |
What is Perception? | the process of interpreting sensory stimulation. |
What is absolute threshold? | the weakest amount of a stimulus that can be detected. |
What unit of measure is light measured in? | nanometers |
The wavelength of light affects...? | its color and amplitude |
What is the function of the cornea? | It is the transparent outer layer of our eye that is responsible for about 2/3 of our ability to bring objects into focus. |
What is the function of the pupil? | It determines the amount of light that reaches the eyeball. |
What is the function of the lens? | It focuses light onto the retina. |
What is the function of the retina? | It is a mass of cells at the back of that eyeball and its function is to convert light into electrical impulses. |
What is the function of the Macula? | It is responsible for central vision and allows us to see minute detail. It is the most sensitive part of the retina and is essential to reading. |
What are cones? | allow us to see color |
What are rods? | help us to see in the dim light, black and white vision, and are responsible for our peripheral vision. |
What is the function of Ganglion cells? | They transmit electrical impulses from the retina to the occipital lobe. |
What is the function of the optic nerve? | Allows the transmission of electrical impulses from the retina to the occipital lobe. (composed of ganglion cells) |
What is the function of Retinal Bipolar cells? | they transmit signals from the cones and rods to the ganglion cells. |
What is the function of the aqueous humor? | It is the fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the iris. It nourishes the lens and the cornea. |
What is the function of the vitreous humor? | It is the fluid that gives our eyeball its shape - it is mostly water but in children it has the consistency of an egg white. |
What is the sclera? | the outer white part of the eye that is its protective film. |
What is glaucoma? | A build up of pressure in the aqueous humor that can lead to blindness. Is treated with either eyedrops or surgery. |
What are cataracts? | Disease of the lens. |
What cause spots in your eye? | Impurities in the vitreous humor? |
What is an elongated sclera? | It causes nearsightedness. Can be resurrected with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery. |
What is a flattened sclera? | It causes farsightedness. Can be resurrected with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery. |
What unit of measure are sound waves measured in? | Hertz(hz) It is based upon the number of times a sound wave passes a given point every second. (1 cycle = 1 HZ) Humans can detect between 20 to 20,000 HZ. |
What unit of measurement is the intensity of a sound wave measured in? | A decibel. Normal conversion is 60 decibels. |
What decibel casues hearing loss? | Continuous exposure to 90 decibels. 130 decibels produces pain. |
What is the Pinna and what does it do? | It helps to funnel sound waves into the ear canal. |
What is the function of the ear canal? | It channels sound waves to the ear drum. It also has glands that produce cerumen (ear wax) that helps to protect the ear from infection. |
What is the function of the ear drum? | As sound waves reach the ear drum, it vibrates. This vibration triggers the bones of the middle ear to move. |
What are the functions of the hammer, anvil, and the stirrup? | When the ear drum moves, it sets these bones into "motion," then they pass into the inner ear. |
What is the function of the oval window? | It is the gateway to the inner ear and a structure called the cochlea. |
What is the cochlea? | It is a bony circular structure that contains the basiliar membrane |
What is the function of the basiliar membrane? | It contains cilia that convert vibrations into electrical impulses that are sent to the auditory nerve. These cannot be replaced and cause loss of hearing. |
What is the function of the auditory nerve? | It carries electrical impulses to parts of the brain that are associated with hearing (the temporal lobe). They are then interpreted by the brain and given names which we call sounds. |
What is the function of semi-circular canals? | They are 3 canals filled with fluid that help us keep our balance no matter the position of our body. |
Which lobe of the brain interprets touch? | Parietal lobes. |
Which cells in the nose "smell?" | Olfactory cells that absorb air molecules. Specific molecules adhere to specific cells. |
Which part of the brain interprets smell? | The hindbrain. |