Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 6 psyc
Classical conditioning & learning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Learning | A relatively permanent change in behavior, attitude, knowledge, and capability; Acquired through experience not illness, maturation, or injury |
| The Black Box | Stimulus goes in and a response comes out; doesn't matter whats inside; Same principal for all animals so we can generalize; Stimulus-box-Response |
| Classical Conditioning | Discovered on accident during a saliva experiment; A type of learning in which one organism learns to associate one stimulus with another |
| Dogs would salivate when: | 1. They heard footsteps of the lab assistants 2. Heard the food dishes rattle 3. Saw the attendants who fed them 4. Saw the food |
| Stimulus | Any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds |
| Reflex | An involuntary response to a stimulus; Ex. Eye blink to a puff of air |
| Conditioned reflex | A response elicited by and unconditioned stimulus with prior learning; Salivate at the sight of food |
| Unconditioned response | Response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning; Salivation, startle, contraction of pupil to light, eye blink response |
| Unconditioned stimulus | Stimulus that elicits a specific unconditioned response without learning; Food, loud noise, light in eye, puff of air in eye |
| Conditioned stimulus | Neutral stimulus that, after repeated with unconditioned stimulus, becomes associated with it and elicits a conditioned response |
| Conditioned response | Learned response that comes to be elicited by a conditioned stimulus as a result of repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus |
| High-order conditioning | Occurs when the conditioned stimulus are linked together to form a series of signals; ex. steps leading to a blood drawl at a clinic |
| Extinction | Weakening and eventual disappearance of the conditioned response as a result of repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus |
| Spontaneous recovery | Reappearance of an extinguished response after exposure to the original conditioned stimulus following a rest period |
| Generalization | Tendency to make a conditioned response to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus |
| Discrimination | Learned ability to distinguish between similar stimuli so that the conditioned response occurs only to the original conditioned stimulus but not to similar stimuli |
| John B. Watson and emotional conditioning | 1919; Little Albert was conditioned by a loud noise to fear white rats and other white objects |
| Robert Rescorla | Demonstrated that classical conditioning is not repeated pairing of the CS and the UCS; depends on whether the CS provides information that enables reliable prediction of the UCS; Pairings of tones and shocks |
| Tones and shocks: | only the group where the tone reliably predicted the shock developed a conditioned fear response; when the tone provided no clue about the shock pairings did not lead to conditioning |
| Biological Predispositions | Smell and taste are closely associated because the smell of a certain food is a signal of its taste and the sensation of eating it |
| Classical conditioning in every day life | Fear responses, drug use, advertising, the immune system |
| Fear responses | Dental visits; sound of the drill and suction, smell of the office, sight of the chair and light |
| Drug use | The CS associated with drug use leads individuals to seek out those substances; counselors encourage recovering users to avoid those stimuli like people, places, and things |
| Advertising | A neutral product is associated with people, objects, or situations customers like to elicit a positive response |
| The Immune system | Chemotherapy treatments can result in conditioned taste aversion; providing a "scapegoat" target can help patients maintain a healthy diet |
| Pavlov's second signal system | Related to the way we learn meanings to words; a signal of signals; Seeing an apple (first stimulus), naming the apple (second stimulus); More intense stimuli lead to more rapid conditioning |
| 4 tenets of association theory | 1. Temporal Contiguity 2. Intensity 3. Frequency 4. Similarity |
Created by:
Rootb
Popular Psychology sets