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Pharmacology Day1

QuestionAnswer
Pharmacokinetics  Study of the absorption, distribution, biotransformation (metabolism), and excretion of drugs
Pharmacodynamics Study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs Study of drugs’ mechanisms of action
Pharmacokinetics  Four steps Absorption  Distribution  Metabolism  Excretion
Pharmacotherapeutics Study of how drugs may best be used in the treatment of illnesses Study of which drug would be most appropriate or least appropriate to use for a specific disease; what dose would be required; etc.
Drug Uses Symptomatic treatment Prevention Diagnostic drugs Curative Health maintenance Contraception
Drug Forms  Tablets  Timed or sustained release  Tablets or controlled release  Capsule  Troches  Suppositories
Dosage Forms Solutions Douche Suspensions Emulsions Topicals Patches Drug implants
Drug Availability Any drug that can be bought with out a prescription order from the physician is called the over the counter drug
Chemical name The drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure
Generic name (nonproprietary name) Name given by the United States Adopted Names Council Allows the drug to be marketed
U.S. Drug Legislation 1970: Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act Also known as Controlled Substance Act: classified drugs according to their abuse potential Regulates the manufacture and distribution of drugs causing dependence
Pharmacokinetics- Absorption Routes Oral Sublingual- absorbed directly in the blood stream Parenteral Topical
Non Prescription Drugs  Drugs that can be bought as Over the Counter (OTC
Medication Forms  Enteric Coated Tablets are tablets designed to carry drugs that can irritate the stomach and are not to be crushed.
Nursing Implications Nurses must address during the assessment process to address to the clients about herbals.  Herbals are not regulated by FDA  Herbs are like drugs are chemicals and have influence on the body, their safety and effectiveness cannot be established.
The Rights of Medication 1. Right drug 2. Right dose 3. Right client 4. Right time 5. Right route 6. Right documentation 7. Client’s right to refuse
Parenteral Medication Intramuscular administration Subcutaneous administration Intradermal administration Intravenous administration
Parenteral Medications Subcutaneous injections maybe 45 or 90 degree angle 5/8 in needle, or for obese person, must be a longer needle, be given in the abdomen or either side of the umbilicus. Insulin and heparin are examples of subcutaneous administration
Parenteral Medications  Intradermal Injections a. uses tuberculin syringe for allergy injections b. 1 cc syringe are used for TB testing  Always change the needle of the syringe when reconstituting the antibiotic before administering the drug to the client.
Additional Methods of Administration  Vaginal  Rectal  Ear  Eye Nasal Nasogastic  Epidural  Transdermal patches
Medication Administration  Nurse must do prior to drug administration: 1. check wrist band 2. ask client to state name 3. address client by name  Administering ear drops to children less than 3 years, the pinna of the ear is pulled back and down.  The lowest point of the miniscus is used when pouring liquids meds
Drug Administration  Gtt  Stat  Sublingual  OD  Gtt – drop  Stat – immediately  Sublingual- under the tongue  OD –right eye  Assessing client for anaphylaxis involves observation for: a. dypnea b. pruritus & nausea
Drug Administration Clients with NGT that has more medicines and needs to be crushed; the meds must be crushed separately, placed in a separate cups and dilute in warm water.
Drug Administration Risk factors for a hypersensitivity reactions to medications include: 1. clients currently receiving parenteral medications 2. family history of allergy 3. past history of allergic reactions to drugs.
Absorption Diminishes with increased age  GI concerns  Reduced stomach acid (HCl)  GI absorptive surface area is reduced  Prolonged gastric emptying rate  Blood flow to the intestines is reduced  Reduced muscle tone in the stomach and intestines  Ut
Distribution Water loss Muscle loss Fatty tissue increase Protein binding: decreased capacity
Created by: 100000123616993
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