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Psychology Exam Sem2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adrenal Gland | Produces adrenalin 'fight or flight' helps to prepare us for emergency situations |
| Thyroid gland | produces thyroxin necessary for brain and nervous system development |
| Pituitary gland | triggers the re;ease of hormones form all glands produces growth hormones that stimulate growth and development of body cells |
| Depressants | calm the nervous system ie alcohol |
| Stimulants | excite the nervous system ie caffeine |
| Hallucinogens | change our perception ie LSD |
| Galton | believed intelligence was a general ability that showed itself in different ways believed intelligence could be measured using a smile test |
| Spearman | assumed single general intelligence measure reflected a persons mental capacity two factor theory general intelligence (g) do well one subject do well in other specific intelligence (s) only good in one single subject |
| Binet | Came up with mental age which is defined as the age at which most children in an age group passed all but one of the items for that test |
| Gardner | argued that intelligence involved more than being able to solve problems |
| Cultural bias in testing | developed for and by white educated middle class people reflect the type of things taught at school general knowledge, maths and word meanings positive bias towards educated groups negative bias to minority groups |
| theories of human development | aim to ..... 1. describe what we know 2. explain what we observe 3. provide testable predictions |
| Piagets theory of cognitive development | considered we build an understanding of our world through active interaction with our environment |
| Bandura's social learning theory | observational learning considered children watch other people and copy their behaviour 'Bobo doll' demonstrated children changed their behaviour without reinforcement of punishment |
| B.F.Skinner | considered that just as behaviour can be learnt it can be unlearnt believed that the behaviour that people think reflects personality is simply behaviour learnt form out past experiences with the world |
| Humanistic theories of personality | belief that people are born good with the potential for good and throughout their lives try to reach their potential |
| Personality type A | ambitious, competitive, pushy, highly motivated, easily frustrated and angry |
| Personality type B | more easy going, low levels of time urgency,competitiveness and hostility |
| Social facilitation | improved performance due to the presence of others Triplett |
| Social inhibition | reduced performance due to the presence of others Triplett |
| Group polarisation | strengthening of attitudes in individuals when i groups of people who hold similar attitudes |
| Conformity | changing behaviour in response to group pressure |
| Solomon Asch | 1. visual judgement 2. line test 3. shows group conformity |
| Normative social influence | pressure on an individual to change behaviour to conform to group standards in order to be accepted by the group |
| Informational social influence | pressure on an individual when in strange situations to behave in the manner of those around them |
| Obedience | changing behaviour in response to instruction of direct request by an authoritative figure |
| Milgrams study on obedience | teacher- 'learner' electric shocks for every question they got wrong showed the levels that people would got to obey obedience |
| Socialisation | process whereby we acquire the beliefs , values and behaviours and that are thought to be important to function effectively as a member of society |
| Crowds | loosely organised group |
| Cult | people who join are normally social isolated with no clear social identity or meaningful social relationship |
| Referential communication task | two children with side of table one listener one speaker listener must pick correct object form description |
| Attitudes | long lasting evaluations about ourselves, others, objects and issues |
| Qualitive data | questions cannot be answered worth numbers or statistics |
| Quantitive data | questions can be answered with numbers |
| Likert scale | measures responses to a series of statements about an issue |
| Stereotypes | form of social categorisation based on what others think of as shared features |
| Social categorisation | process of identifying person as a member of a particular group |
| sense of community | sense of belonging or attachment to their community thats individuals have |
| Conductive hearing loss | - problem in outer ear prevents sound being conducted into hearing nerves. - common cause is middle ear infections |
| Sensorineural hearing loss | problem in cochlea or hearing nerve present at birth |
| Cochlear implants | External microphone turns sounds into electronic signals. Transmitting coil caring a wave into the inner aid determines the electrodes |
| Autism | Main difficulties - social interaction - verbal and non verbal communication - repetitive behaviour and interests - repetition of echoing of words said by others |
| Interpersonal attraction | power that makes one person feel positively about another |
| Physical attraction | personal preference , stereotype of attractiveness |
| Balance theory | attraction to someone for their similar beliefs and attitudes |
| Reinforcement theory | people seek out positive or rewarding stimuli |
| Social exchange theory | cost benefit ratio ‘what do i need to do or what will it cost me to get a positive reward from the other person |
Created by:
Maddie Rose
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