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Van Science Test 2
Physical Science Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Spectroscopy | understanding the frequency wave length dependent properties of light |
| What does Spectroscopy tell us? | the matter and motion of the energy in the universe (How) Red/Blue Shifts |
| Family of Light | Radio,Infared,Visual,UV,XRay,Gamma(Biggest/Longest->Smallest/Shortest) |
| Hubble's Law | Due to Red Shifts, Edwin Hubble made the conclusion that: THE UNIVERSE IS EXPANDING! B/C Galaxies keep moving away = Expanding Universe! *All local galaxies beyond local group exhibit RED SHIFTS* |
| Contrast Cosmological Models: Big Bang Theory | there was a beginning, in the beg there was singularity |
| Contrast Cosmological Models: Steady State | there was no beginning,the universe is everywhere and every when -to keep the density of an expanding universe constant, we have LITTLE POPS |
| Compare Cosmological Models: Big Bang Theory and Steady State | Both models are cosmologies and both account for the expanding universe |
| Which Idea is accepted today and why? Big Bang or Steady State? | The Big Bang, b/c we discovered Quasars/The Echo |
| Events Outlined The Big Bang | In the beginning there was singularity, singularity consists of all that will become the matter energy forces space time dimensions of our universe. At beginning of time (T=0) singularity inflates, expands,cools,condenses,sorts out into cosmic address. |
| Electromagnetic Force | Combines electricity and magnetism into the same force-transits radiation in a variety of wave lengths. -long-ranged but very weak -can be attractive or repulsive (magnets) -Guth's (comparison) came after gravity before nuclear forces. |
| Nuclear Forces (Strongest) | *Weak-responsible for the breakdown of atom's nucleus,producing radioactive decay *Strong-binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom(Strongest force in universe)-Guth's(comp)-joined gravity and electromag forces at beg sec of universe |
| Gravitational Forces (Weakest) | *The attraction of one body toward another (dependent on mass) -weakest force, but very long ranged Guth's (comparison) at one tenth-million of a trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second, gravity emerged..joined w/ electro and other forc |
| The Big Crunch | "Death by fire" *If there is too much matter and the universe is NOT expanding too quickly ->Gravity Wins-the universe is closed and expansion eventually slows down, stops, and begins to rewind ultimately->new singularity->set up for new universe |
| The Big Chill | *Death by Ice* If there is not too much matter, and the universe is expanding too quickly->Gravity Loses. -the universe is open and expansion continues at an increasing rate ULTIMATELY->increase in entropy to a point there will be no more "energy" |
| Einstein's Theory of General Relativity | -Dark Matter is discovered and the expansion rates are not slowing down, they are accelerating ->Dark Matter overcoming the gravitational force? =(DARK ENERGY) |
| Contemporary Theories | -Scientific Perspective ->The Big Chill ->The Big Crunch ->Einstein's Theory of Gene Relativity |
| STAR | -burning ball of gas that produce energy/light through natural nuclear fusion->produces its own energy |
| Properties used to develop H-R diagram (explain diagram) | -Mass -Luminosity -Brightness -Distance -Temperature(surface) -Color -Spectral Class(chem. composition) |
| What does an H-R diagram show us? | -non-random distribution of stars WHY?->Stars are in a state of life -Star/Age-Life Cycle -Stars are born, live lives and die |
| Fusion of H to form heavier elements | -4 H-> 1He + Energy ->Some of the matter is converted energy |
| Life history of a star | conception/gestation/birth/life/death -conception-dust&gas -gestation-protostage -birth-fusion begins -life-main sequence-90% of life -giant-mid-life-star swells-T increases -variable-fusion vs. gravity until iron in core -death-iron in core,fusio |
| Supernova Event | -a once in a lifetime explosion of a star over 1.4 solar masses -about 10% of the stars mass is expelled into space -marks the death of a star->sudden and violent due to small size, nuclear fusion stops |
| Significance of a supernova | -matter from the explosion travel through dust and gas of new stars->contribute to the birth of new stars -elements are created: Helium and Uranium(heavier than iron) |
| Evolutionary stages of stars(different masses) | -all stars are born,live lives&die -more massive the star,shorter the life,more violent the death -smaller stars(sun) will die a quiet death, and become black dwarfs -massive stars will supernova and become either neutron stars or black holes(other 9 |
| Formation of Stars vs. Formation of Planets | There is a relationship btwn formation of stars and planets->they are formed from the same matter/material-planets are "leftovers" from the formation of stars->did not have enough mass to become a star(ExJupiter/Sun)*dif in amount of proc of energy prod |
| Solar system (structure and components) | -1 Star(Sun) -8 Primary Planets -~8 Dwarf Planets (Pluto) -~160 Sec Planets (moons) -~10,000 Planetoids(Astroids,Meteroites) -~100,000 Planetesimals(Comets) -Interplanetary Medium(Everything else) |
| Meteoroids(Meteorites) | -Asteroid that will either burn up in our atmosphere or hit earth -Meteorites-asteroid that hit Earth, can be touched and picked up |
| Meteors | -shooting stars |
| Asteroids | -"little planets" -3 types ->Iron(metallic) ->Rocky/Stoney ->Carbonaceous -Located in the Asteroid Belt ->between Mars and Jupiter |
| Comets | -Frozen Ices(dirty snowballs) -Orbiting the sun->get close, heat up (Tail) |
| Inner/Outer Planets | Inner-Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Outer-Jupiter, Saturn,Uranus,Neptune Name 10->Distance from the sun, diameter, mass, volume, density, oblateness, atmosphere, gravity, and moons |
Created by:
beth.cobb179
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