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Vocab IX
Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Memory | The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information |
| Flashbulb Memory | A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event |
| Encoding | The processing of information into the memory system by extracting meaning |
| Storage | The retention of encoded information over time |
| Retrieval | The process of getting information out of memory storage |
| Sensory Memory | The immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system |
| Short Term Memory | Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing |
| Long Term Memory | The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system |
| Automatic Processing | Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information, such as word meanings |
| Effortful Processing | Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
| Rehearsal | The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage |
| Spacing Effect | The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice |
| Serial Position Effect | Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list |
| Visual Encoding | The encoding of picture images |
| Acoustic Encoding | The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words |
| Semantic Encoding | The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words |
| Imagery | Mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding |
| Mnemonics | Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices |
| Chunking | Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically |
| Ionic Memory | A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second |
| Echoic Memory | A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds |
| Long Term Potentiation (LTP) | An increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation |
| Amnesia | The loss of memory |
| Implicit Memory | Retention independent of conscious recollection. Also called procedural memory |
| Explicit Memory | Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare”; Also called declarative memory |
| Hippocampus | A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage |
| Recall | A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill in the blank test |
| Recognition | A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test |
| Relearning | A memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time |
| Priming | The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory Déjà vu |
| Mood Congruent Memory | The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood |
| Proactive Interference | The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information |
| Retroactive Inference | The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information |
| Repression | In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories |
| Misinformation Effect | Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event |
| Source Amnesia | Attributing to the wrong source an event that we have experienced, hear about, read about, or imagined |
Created by:
saxplayer2011
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