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NS3206 Insulins
Insulin times
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Onset for Rapid acting insulin | 15 min |
| Peak for rapid acting insulin | 30 min - 1.5 hr |
| Duration of rapid acting insulin | 3-5hr |
| Onset for short acting insulin | 30 min |
| Peak for short acting insulin | 2-4hr |
| Duration for short acting insulin | 5-7hr |
| Onset for intermediate acting insulin | 1.5hr |
| Peak for intermediate insulin | 4-12hrs |
| Duration of intermediate insulin | 16-24+hrs |
| Onset of long acting insulin | 2-4hrs |
| Peak of long acting insulin | none |
| Duration of long acting insulin | 24hrs |
| Action of sulfonylureas | Stimulates insulin secretion Reduces liver glucose output Increases cell uptake of glucose |
| Major s/e of sulfonylureas | Hypoglycemia |
| Other side effects of sulfonylureas | rash, N&V, hematologic reactions, drug interactions, cholestasis |
| name 3 Sulfonylureas | Tolbutamide (1st gen); Glyburide (2nd gen); Glipizide (3rd gen) |
| Action of meglitinides | Stimulates rapid, short-lived insulin release from beta cells |
| Meglitinide | Prandin |
| Onset of meglitinides | Rapid |
| When should meglitinides be taken | just before meals |
| Side effects of meglitinides | Hypoglycemia, GI symptoms, upper resp. infections, back pain and headache |
| Action of Biguanide insulin sensitizers (metformin-glucophage) | Decreases hepatic glucose production Augments glucose uptake Decreases insulin resistance Decreases intestinal absorption of glucose |
| Which insulin can help with wt loss | metformin-glucophage |
| Side effects of insulin sensitizers | Risk of renal insufficiency GI side effects No hypoglycemia |
| Action of Thiazolidinediones (Avandia, Actos) | promote glucose utilization Enhance insulin action Cells more sensitive to insulin |
| Side effects of Thiazolidinediones (Avandia, Actos) | Possible liver damage Weight gain, fluid retention ? Cardiac problems – don’t use with CHF pts May interfere with contraception |
| Action of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors (Precose, Miglitol) | Slows digestion and absorption of carbs -Prolonged absorption time reduces rate of glucose absorption. |
| Side effects of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors (Precose, Miglitol) | GI effects |
| When should alpha-glucose inhibitors be taken | w/ first bite of food |
Created by:
sfortune01
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