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RADT316 - C/T SPINE
Review Cervical and Thoracic Positioning and related information
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which section(s) of the spine possess a primary curve? | thoracic, sacral |
| The lumbar spine possesses a ______ posterior spinal curvature. | concave |
| An abnormal or exaggerated thoracic spinal curvature with increased convexity | Kyphosis |
| An abnormal or exaggerated lateral spinal curvature | scoliosis |
| synonym for "slipped disk" | herniated nucleus pulposus |
| The foramina created by the superior and inferior vertebral notches | intervertebral |
| Joints found between the superior and inferior articular processes | zygapophyseal |
| Inner aspect of the intervertebral disk | nucleus pulposus |
| The ______ pass through the cervical transverse foramina | vertebral artery/vein |
| Unique characteristic of cervical spine vertebrae structure | bifid spinous process, three foramina |
| Unique characteristic of thoracic spine vertebrae structure | facets for rib articulations |
| The intervertebral foramina for the cervical spine lie at a ____ degree angle to the midsagittal plane | forty-five |
| The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine (C3-7) lie at a ______ degree angle to the midsagittal plane | ninety |
| The large joint space between C1 and C2 | zygapophyseal |
| Ligament that holds the dens agains the anterior arch of C1 | transverse atlantal ligament |
| partial facets found on thoracic vertebrae | demifacets |
| Thoracic vertebrae that do not possess a facet for the costotransverse joint | T11, T12 |
| Position of the thoracic spine that best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina | lateral |
| position of the cervical spine that would best demonstrate the zygapophyseal joint of C1-2 | AP open mouth |
| Position of the thoracic spine that best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints | oblique |
| The zygapophyseal joints lie at a _____ degree angle to the midsaggital plane in the thoracic spine | seventy |
| In a RAO position of the cervical spine, what specific structures would be visualized? | right intervertebral foramina |
| In a RAO position of the thoracic spine, what specific structures would be visualized? | right zygapophyseal joints |
| vertebral prominens is the bony landmark at the same level as this | C7-T1 |
| jugular notch is the bondy landmark at the same level as this | T2-3 |
| a point 3-4" below the jugular notch is equivalent to this spine level | T7 |
| the gonion is at this same spine level | C3 |
| the sternal angle is at approximately this same spine level | T4-5 |
| The thyroid cartilage is at approximately this same spine level | C4-6 |
| avulsion fracture of the spinous processes of C6-T1 | clay shoveler's fracture |
| scheuermann disease is a form of _____. | scoliosis/kyphosis |
| Common site for HNP | L4-L5 |
| Two ways to prevent excess scatter radiation on a lateral thoracic image | collimation and shiedling |
| what is the degree and direction of angulation for the AP axial cervical spine? | 15 to 20 cephalic |
| what is the degree and direction of angulation for an anterior oblique cervical spine | 15 caudal |
| what is the degree and direction of angulation for a posterior oblique cervical spine? | 15 cephalic |
| The anterior obliques (RAO/LAO) of the cervical spine demonstrate which intervertebral foramina? | side closest |
| The posterior obliques of (RPO/LPO) the cervical spine demonstrate which intervertebral foramina | side farthest |
| The anterior obliques (RAO/LAO) of the thoracic spine demonstrate which joints? | side closest |
| The posterior obliques (RPO/LPO) of the thoracic spine demonstrate which joints? | side farthest |
| functions of the vertebral column | supports trunk, potects spinal cord, supports skull |
| number of cervical vertebrae | 7 |
| number of thoracic vertebrae | 12 |
| total vertebrae in adult | 26 |
| areas of spine with a lordotic curve | cervical, lumbar |
| areas of spine with a kyphotic curve | thoracic, sacrum |
| curves of spine that have a concave appearance | compensatory |
| areas of spine that are known as primary curves | thoracic, sacrum |
| areas of spine that are known as compensatory curves | cervical, lumbar |
| of the two compensatory curves, which develops first? | cervical |
| structures in vertebrae through which spinal nerves and vessels exit the spinal column | intervertebral foramina |
| another name for C1 | atlas |
| another name for c2 | axis |
| another name for c7 | vertebra prominens |
| another name for the odontoid process | dens |
| thick weight bearing anteior part of the vertebra | body |
| consists of a ring or arch of bone that extends posteriorly from the vertebral body | vertebral arch |
| the posterior and anterior vertebral arches form a circle called ______ which protects the spinal cord | vertebral foramen |
| succession of vertebral foramina forms a tubelike opening called_____ | vertebral canal |
| bony process that extends posteriorly from either side of the vertebral body and forms most of the sides of the vertebral arch | pedicles |
| posterior part of vertebral arch is formed by two somewhat flat layers of bone called_____ which extend posteriorly from the pedicle and unite at the midline | laminae |
| process that extends laterally from the junction of the pedicle and laminae | transverse |
| process that extends posteriorly from the junction of two laminae | spinous |
| the outer fibrous portion of a intervertebral disk | annulus fibrosus |
| joint between C1 and skull | atlantooccipital articulations |
| c1 lacks this feature of all vertebrae | body |
| if the left side Z joint appears more closed off than the right side Z joint on an AP open mouth view, what could be the problem? | skull tilted to left |
| this thoracic vertebra has a full facet superiorly and a demifacet inferiorly | T1 |
| thoracic vertebrae that have demifacets both superiorly and inferiorly | T2-T8 |
| thoracic vertebra with only a demifacet superiorly | T9 |
| thoracic vertebrae with full facets only | T10-T12 |
| the degree of rotation FROM A LATERAL position for an RAO thoracic? | 15-20 |
| the base of the skull (tip of mastoid process) should be in line with this for an AP open mouth view | occlusal plane |
| which view would show the odontoid process inside the foramen magnum? | Fuchs |
| How much is the CR angled for an AP Thoracic | 0 |
| How much is the CR angled for an RAO Thoracic | 0 |
| How much is the CR angled for a Cervical lateral | 0 |
| What is the SID for a cervical lateral? | 72" |
| Why do we use the SID we do for the lateral cervical? | compensate for large OID |
| How much is the CR angle for the lateral thoracic? | 0 |
| How much is the CR angle for cervical swimmer's when shoulder separation is not possible? | 3-5 degree |
| which two projections will show the odontoid in the center of the foramen magnum? | Fuchs, Judd |
| The Fuchs method is a ____ projection | AP |
| The Judd method is a _____ projection | PA |
| Doing obliques in the AP vs PA increases your patient's thyroid dose by _____ times | 10-15 |
| the portion of the cervical lamina that is a short column of bone between the superior and inferior processes | articular pillar |
| The intervertebral joints of C2-T12 have this joint classification | carilaginous |
| The intervertebral joints of C2-T12 have this mobility type | amphiarthroidal |
| The joints between C1 and C2 have these movement types | plane and trochoid |
| The name of the two joints between C1 and C2 | R/L lateral atlantoaxial (sometimes called zygaphophyseal joints) and medial atlantoaxial |
| The Z joints of C2-T12 have this classification | synovial |
| The Z joints of C2-T12 have this mobility type | diarthroidal |
| The Z joints of C2-T12 have this movement | plane |
| What is the major positioning line used in the Fuchs method (other than MSP)? | MML |
| Central ray is directed ______ degrees to the MML for a Fuchs method | 0 (parallel) |
| kV range for cervical radiography | 70-80 |
| kV range for thoracic radiography | 80-90 |
| What technique is used on a lateral thoracic to blur structures that overlie the thoracic vertebrae | breathing |
| usual SID for lateral and oblique cervical radiography | 72" |
| usual SID for thoracic radiography | 40" |
| usual SID for AP axial cervical | 40 |
| exposure should be made on full ______ for lateral cervical radiography | expiration |
| film size for cervical radiography | 8x10/10x12 |
| film orientation for most cervical views | lengthwise |
| film size for AP/Lat Thoracic | 14x17 |
| film orientation for AP/Lat Thoracic | lengthwise |
| Centering point for AP Axial | C4 |
| Centering point for AP open mouth | center of open mouth |
| Centering point for AP Fuchs | inferior tip of mandible |
| Centering point for PA Judd | 1" inferoposterior to mastoid tips and angles of mandible |
| Centering point for lateral | C4 |
| Centering point for swimmer's | T1 (1" above jugular notch or at level of C7 process) |
| Centering point for trauma lateral | C4 |
| Centering point for oblique cervical | C4 |
| Centering point for flexion/extension lateral | C4 |
| Centering point for AP Thoracic | T7 |
| Centering point for lateral thoracic | T7 |
| centering point for RAO/LAO thoracic | T7 |
| first view attempted of a cervical spine series to "clear" a patient in a collar | CTL |
| How could the anode heel effect be used with the thoracic spine? | anode side of tube toward upper chest |
| A dose reduction of ____% can occur by imaging a scoliosis series PA rather than AP | 90 |
| wedge shaped vertebral body from lateral perspective | compression fracture |
| fracture of the anterior C2 arch, usually also with anterior subluxation of C2 on C3 | hangman's fracture |
| Bilateral offset of spreading of the lateral masses of C1 relative to the dens (comminuted fracture of the ring of C1) | Jefferson fracture |
| Fracture line through the base of the dens, possibly extending into the lateral masses or arches of C1 | odontoid fracture |
| comminuted vertebral body fragments avulsed from the anterioinferior border and fragments from the posterior vertebral body displaced into the spinal canal | teardrop burst fracture |
| unilateral-bow tie deformity | facets-unilateral subluxations and bilateral locks |
| normal concave lumbar curvature or abnormal or exaggerated lumbar curvature | lordosis |
| degeneration of catrilage and formation of osteophytes | osteoarthritis |
| BMD loss | osteoporosis |
| calcification with ossification creating stiffness and lack of joint mobility | spondylitis |
| bony projections extended laterally from transverse process | transitional vertebra |
| Example of a transitional vertebra | C7 or L1 with false rib |
| thoracic vertebrae that possess a facet on the transverse process for rib articulation | T1-T10 |
Created by:
hschmuck1
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