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study guideee
cadiovascular sysytemm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the cv system includes: | the heart; circulatory system; provides oxygenanted blood for supply and removal of materials to and from tissue cells |
| x ray examination of blood vessels after injection of opaque dye | angiography |
| heardening of arties | arteriosclerosis |
| chart which records the electrical impluses in the heart muscle | electrocardigram |
| instument which measures blood pressure in the arties | sphygmomanometer |
| person who draws blood samples from patients | phelbotomist |
| reffering to vein | ven/o |
| reffering to blood vessels | vascular |
| the leading cause of death in the us | cardiovascular disease |
| the heart: - chamber pump; contracts - times a day; - upper ; - lower; 4 valves | 4; 100,000; 2;2; tricuspid pulmonary, mitralor, and aortic |
| deposits of fatty substances, cholestoral, celluslar waste products, calcium, and fibrin in the inner linig of the artery | artherisclerosis |
| herat attack, bllod supplying the heart is disrupted | myocardial infarcation |
| irregulaltary in heart rthym | arrhyhmia |
| damaged or overworked heart muscle is unable to keep blood circulating normally; affects over 5 million americans | CHF |
| affects 1 out of 125 children born; may be due to hereditary factors, maternal diseases, or chemical intake (alcolol) during fetal development | Congential and rheuthmatic heart disease |
| stroke occurs when: | the blood supply the the brain is interupted |
| blood clot | thrombus |
| free flowing clot | emblous |
| bulging or burst blood vessel | aneurysm |
| reduce the risk of cv diease by: | avoid tobacco . cut back on sat fat and cholestoral, maintain a healtthy weight, modify dietary habits, excersice reg, control diabeties, control blood pressurea and mange stress |
| increase heart rate and force the contration of the heart muscle | B1 |
| decrease the heart rate and cardiac output(decrease bp and relax blood vessels) | beta blockers |
| beta receptor agonists | increase the force of the contraction; increase bp and cardiac output; useful in severe hypotensin |
| alpha receptor agonist | block alpha 1 and alpha 2 recetprs results in decrease vasoconstriction and lowered blood presase; used in the treatment of htn |
| alpha 2 receptor agonist | decrease relas of norephrine; useful in therepy of htn and in therepy of oppiate addiction |
| aloha receptor agonist | used in emergency situation (IV) or as decongestants(IN) |
| ACE inhibitors adverse effects: | hypotensin, rash, altered taste, contraindicated in renal patients and pregnacy |
| metabolized to the active form benazeprilat | pro-drug |
| angiotensin II receptor antagonist | block the vasconstruaction effect of angiotension II thereby reducing bp; less adverse effects than ACE inhibitors, but also less bp lowering effects |
| act at the level of the arteriolar smooth muscle to relax it resulting in dilation of the arteriole; useful in congestive heart failure, angina, and htn | vasodilators |
| (nitrates) act at the level of the vein to relax venous smooth muscle; lead to increased cardiac efficancy, increase oxygen delivery to tissues, pooling of blood in the lower extermities; not useful in the theapy htn | venodilaotrs |
| nitrostat: very rapid onset, short acting, not for maintance, packaged in glass in a cool dry place away from light, as nitroglycerin is highy reactive | nitroglycerin |
Created by:
kaisudd
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