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PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 11 - Motivation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| motivation | the psychological process that arouses, directs, and maintains behavior toward a goal |
| instinct | a complex, inherited behavior pattern characteristic of a species |
| sociobiology | the study of the hereditary basis of human and animal social behavior |
| drive-reduction theory | the theory that behavior is motivated by the need to reduce drives such as sex or hunger |
| need | a motivated state caused by physiological deprivation, such as a lack of food or water |
| drive | a state of psychological tension induced by a need |
| homeostasis | a steady state of physiological equilibrium |
| incentive | an external stimulus that pulls an individual toward a goal |
| hierarchy of needs | Maslow's arrangement of needs in the order of their motivational priority, ranging from physiological needs to the needs for self-actualization and transcendence |
| set point | a specific body weight that the brain tries to maintain through the regulation of diet, activity, and metabolism |
| obesity | an unhealthy condition in men who have more than 25 percent body fat and women who have more than 30 percent body fat |
| basal metabolic rate | the rate at which the body burns calories just to keep itself alive |
| anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder marked by self-starvation |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder marked by binging and purging |
| gonands | the male and female sex glands |
| sexual response cycle | during sexual activity, the phases of excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution |
| sexual dysfunction | a chronic problem at a particular phase of the sexual response cycle |
| sensate focusing | a technique, pioneered by Masters and Johnson, in which partners are urged to concentrate on their pleasurable feelings instead of striving for erections and orgasms |
| gender identity | one's self-perceived sex |
| sexual orientation | a person's pattern of erotic attraction to persons of the same sex, opposite sex, or both sexes |
| arousal motive | the motive to maintain an optimal level of physiological activation |
| Yerkes-Dodson law | the principle that the relationship between arousal and performance is best represented by an inverted U-shaped curve |
| sensory deprivation | the prolonged withdrawal of normal levels of external stimulation |
| sensation seeking | the motivation to pursue sensory stimulation |
| achievement motive | the desire for mastery, excellence, and accomplishment |
| incentive value | the perceived rewards that accompany success in a particular area |
| expectancy | the percieved probability of success in a particular area |
| goal setting | the use of goals to increase motivation and improve performance by providing incentives |
| instrinsic motivation | the desire to perform a behavior for its own sake |
| extrinsic motivation | the desire to perform a behavior in order to obtain an external reward, such as praise, grades, or money |
| overjustificaton theory | the theory that an extrinsic reward will decrease intrinsic motivation when a person attributes her or his performance to that reward |
| cognitive-evaluation theory | the theory that a person's intrinsic motivation will increase when a reward is perceived as a source of information but will decrease when a reward is perceived as an attempt to exert control |
| sport psychology | the field that applies psychological principles to help amateur and professional athletes improve their performance |
Created by:
Jessica C
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