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Infection Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathogens do what 3 things well? | Multiply in large numbers, cause obstuction and tissue damage, secrete exotoxins |
| 4 categories of pathogens are | Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, and Protozoa |
| Illness due to pathogens depend on what three factors? | 1. Environmental State 2. # and stregnth of invading pathogens 3. Ability of host to resist invasion |
| Cycle of infection | 1. Infectionous organism 2.Reserviour of infection 3. Susceptable Host 4. Transmission of disease |
| Direct contact | host is touched by infectious organism |
| Indirect | dz is spread by fomite or vector |
| Fomite | Object that has come in contact with an infected organism |
| Vector | Carrier, animal or insect, that transfers and infection form one host to another |
| Airborne Contamination | dust containing spores, or droplet nuclei |
| Droplet Contamination | When infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings in vicincity of susceptable host. |
| Body's defense against infection | 1. Natural resistance (skin and mucous membranes) 2. Inflammatory response 3. Acquired immunity |
| Nosocomial Infection | MRSA, C. diff |
| Medical Asepsis | Reduces the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted |
| Microbial Dilution | Process of reducing the # of organisms ex. handwashing, cleanliness, 1:10 bleach sol when cleaning surfaces |
| Surgical Asepsis (sterilization) | complete removal of all organisms and their spores |
| Methods of sterilization | 1. Chemical 2. Dry Heat 3. Gas Sterilization 4. Autoclaving (most common in hospitals) |
| Standard Precautions | 1996- blood, pertain to all body fluids, secretions and excretions. |
| Airborne precautions | RT wears N95 mask, gloves |
| Droplet Precautions | Mask and gloves |
| Contact Precautions | Gloves and Gown |
| Enteric precautions | precautions against fecal material |
| Portable Radiography of Isolated Patients | Clean RT- Handles Equipment Dirty RT- Handles Pt |
| Portable Radiography of Compromised Patients | Clean RT- Handles Pt Dirty RT- Handles Equipment |
| HIV/AIDS | -Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -Sexual contact, blood/body fluid, needles, mother to fetus -brief period of flu-like symptoms -ends in night sweats, oral infections, weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes, & low grade fever |
| Hepatitis | -B,C,D,G transmitted through blood -Symptoms are jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loa, NVD |
| Tuberculosis | Spread through airborne droplet nuclei - symptoms are cough, fever, chills, loa, fatigue, night sweats. |
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