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Leach Soc Chapter 8
Leach Sociology Terms Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| deviance | behavior that violates significant social norms |
| stigma | mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant appart from the rest of society |
| criminologist | social scientist that study criminal behavior |
| strain theory | theory of diviant begavior that views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society |
| anomie | situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable |
| control theory | theory of deviant behavior in which deviance is seen as a natural occurrence and conformity is seen as the result of social control |
| cultural transmission theory | theory that views deviance as a learned behavior tranmitted through interaction with others |
| differential association | proportion of associations a person has with deviant versus non-deviant individuals |
| techniques of neutralization | suspending moral beliefs to commit deviant acts |
| labeling theory | theory that focuses on how individuals come to be labeled as diviant |
| primary deviance | nonconformity undetected by authority in which the individuals who commit deviant acts do not consider themselves to be deviant, and neither does society |
| secondary deviance | nonconformity that results in the individuals who commit acts of secondary deviance being labeled as deviant and accepting that label as true |
| degradation ceremony | the process of labeling an individual as diviant |
| crime | any act that is labeled as such by those in authority, is prohibited by law, and is punishable by the government |
| terrorism | use of threatened or actual violence in the pursuit of political goals. |
| white-collar crime | crime that is committed by an individual or individuals of high social status in the course of their professional lives |
| crime syndicate | large-scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence |
| criminal-justice system | the system of police, courts, and corrections |
| police discretion | the power held by police officers to decide who is actually arrested |
| racial profiling | the practice of assuming nonwhite Americans are more likely to commit crimes than white Americans |
| plea bargaining | process of legal negotiation that allows an accused person to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence |
| corrections | sanctions-such as imprisonment, parole, and probation-used to punish criminals |
| recidivism | repeated criminal behavior |
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CoachLeach
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