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anat 10/24 CH 13 CNS
central nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| somatic | conduct impulses to the skeletal muscle, voluntary movements |
| autonomic | conduct impulses to the cardiac and smooth muscles, involuntary movements |
| Autonomic divisions | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| sympathetic nervous system | activated during times of physical activity and stress. increased heart rate, dilates pupils, and increased breathing rate. |
| parasympathetic nervous system | controls resting and non stressful situations. involved digestion, constantly active |
| length of the spinal cord | foreman magnum to L1/L2 |
| two enlargements along the spinal cord | cervical enlargement and lumbar enlargement |
| cervical enlargement | supplies nerves to and from the upper extremities |
| lumbar enlargement | supplies nerves to and from the lower extremities |
| conus medullaris | cone shaped end of the spinal cord that is considered an extension of the medulla. occurs at L1/L2 |
| filum terminale | anchors the conus medullaris to the coccyx, an extension of the pia mater |
| cauda equina | nerve roots that extend from the inferior spinal cord and can exit the vertebrae below the L1/L2 where the spinal cord stops |
| vertebral canal | protects the spinal cord |
| spinal cord meninges | dura mater, arachnoid mater, and the pia mater |
| spinal cord spaces | epidural space,subdural space, and subarachnoid space |
| epidural space | real space, filled with fat-- where epidurals are performed |
| subdural pace | potential space |
| subarachnoid space | real space. contains cerebralspinal fluid-- where spinal tap is performed between L3-L5 |
| gray matter | deep within spinal cord. shaped like a butterfly |
| gray commissure | conects the gray mater to both sides of the spinal cord contains the central canal |
| central canal | tiny hole in the middle of the gray commissure. contains CSF and is continuous of the fourth ventricle |
| ventral/anterior horn | contains the cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons. provides nerve impulses for the skeletal muscle contractions |
| lateral horn | contains the cell bodies of the autonomic and motor neurons. provide nerve impulses for cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands |
| dorsal horn | contains cell bodies of internerons. contains axons of incoming sensory neurons |
| white matter | contains myelinated axons |
| white commissure | connects the white matter to the right and left sides of the spinal cord-- also has an anterior and posterior white matter |
| white matter divided into three columns | ventral column, lateral column, and dorsal columns |
| each column further divided into ____ | tracts (passageways) |
| tracts | have a common origin and destination and carry similar information |
| sensory tracts | ascending to the spinal cord. carry impulses toward the CNS and the brain |
| impulses concerning pain and temperature | lateral sensory tract |
| impulses concerning pressure and touch | anterior sensory tracts |
| motor tracts | descending from the spinal cord. axons conducting impulses down the spinal cord |
| motor tracts have impulses concerning ______ | movement of the neck, trunk, and extremities |
| lateral spinal tract | carries 85% of commands |
| anterior spinal tract | carries 15% of commands |
| internal capsul | in the brain where the motor tracts cross paths |
| reflexes | fast, involuntary responses to stimuli |
| spinal reflex | integration takes place within the ppinal cord |
| cranial reflex | integration takes place within the brain |
Created by:
kristeni558
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