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cardiovascularrr
system agents
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| -- act as the level of the arteriolar smooth muscule to relax it resulting in dilation of the arteriole | vasodilators |
| --- useful in congestive heart failure, angina, and hypertensin | vasodilators |
| vendolaters | nitates |
| VENODILATORS ACT AT the level of the --- to relax venous smooth muscle | vein |
| venodilators led to increased--------- | cardiac efficancy, increased oxygen delivery to tissues, pooling of blood in the lowerextremites |
| vendolators are not useful in the therepy of | hypertensin |
| vendolitaors adverse effects | postural hypotensin, headache, nausea, fainting, palpitaations |
| examples of venodilators | nitrostat, imdur |
| nitrogylerciern: very-- onset, -- acting, -----, packages in ---- bc very ----- | nitrostat, rapid, short, not for amintance, glass, highy reactive |
| isosorbide mononitrate: less---- and longer--- than nitroglyercien | imdur, first pass, duration |
| obtained from the gigaitals plant and exert powerful action on the heart | cardiac glycosides |
| increase the muscles contraction and imporve irregular heartbeats | cardiac glycosides |
| ised for CHF and some arrhythmias | cardiac glycosides |
| cardiac glycosides side effecrs | fatigue, drowiness, cofusion, yello/green helo, nausea |
| narrow window between therapeutic dose and toxic dose | cardiac glycosides |
| cardiac glycosides --- levels must be monitored closely | potassium |
| example of cardiac glycoside | lanoxin |
| digoxin is a ---- agaent | lanoxin, antiarrythmaic |
| the antihypertensive action of diurects is though increased urinary excreation of na, cl, k, H2O | Diuretics |
| 4 typees of diuects | thiazide, loop, corbonic anydrase, potassium sparing |
| diuetics: | aldactone, lasix, hydroDIURIL, Dyazide'maxzide |
| spironolactone | aldactone |
| furosemide | lasix |
| hyddrocholorthiazide | hydroDIUREL |
| triamterene & hydroclororthiazide | Dyazide/ Maxzide |
| what is choloestoral? | soft waxy substance found among the lipids in the bloodstream and inall your bodys cells |
| why is choloesoral important part of a healthy body? | its used to form cell membranes, some harmoes and is needed for other functions |
| a high level of choloestoral in the blood-- | hypercholsterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, leades to heart attack |
| cholosetoral types: | hdl, ldl, vldl |
| good choloeterol, elevated numbers are better | hdl |
| bad cholerterol and lower numbers are better | ldl |
| bad cholesterol elevated levels are associated withan increased risk of cornarny artery diease | vldl |
| hard to measue so its taken as % of triglyceride levels | vldl |
| drugs the interfere eith triglyceride synthesis (fibreates); | lipoprotien lipase |
| enzyme that breaks down vldl | lipoprotien lipase |
| fibrates increase----- and this results in more ------decrease vldl levels | lipoprotien lipase, more vldl being broken down |
| choloestoral lowering drug effects ; interations | anemia, mytosis; antcoaglants and statins |
| rate controlling enzyme of the metabolic pathway the produces cholesterol | hmg coa reductase |
| inhibitors of hmg coa reductase | aka statins |
| hmg coa reductase contiindicted in | grapefruit juice and anticoaglants |
| closteral lowering drugs: | lescol, fosamax, pravachol, zocor |
| fluvasstsin | lescol |
| aldendronatic | fosamax |
| pravasatin | pravahol |
| simvastatin | zocor |
| substance that prevents coaglation; it stops blood form clotting | anticoaglants |
| heparin | IV administaration only |
| anticoaglant: | coumadin |
| wafarin sodium: food interactions eith food containing -- and ---- can amplify the effectsof warfain and used widely as --- for mamailian pests and rodents | coumadian, vitamin k, antibiotics, poisins |
| decrease platlet aggragation therefore derease clotting | antithrombotic |
| asprin when takenaat -- doses notat therepeutic doses for pain | low |
| break up formed clots | thrombolic drugs |
| $$$> 1,000 per dose,IV admisnstration, life threatening situations only | thrombolic drugs |
| drugs that modify the cardiovascular system: | a and b blockers, calcium channel blockers, acs inhibitors and arbs, vasodilators, vendolators, inotropic agents, diyretics |
| drugs that affect the ans: | beta and alpha receptor blockers, alpha and beta receptor agonists, and muscarinic receptor agonists and antaagonists |
| increase heart rate and force the contration of the heart muscle | B1 |
| decrease the heart rate and cardiac output (decrease blood preasure and relax blood vessels) | beta blockers |
| beta blockers: | B1, beta blockers, and antihypertensive drugs |
| beta blocker adverse effects: and contrinidicatedin : | heart depression, fatigue, depression, and bradycardia: diabetic and asthmatic patients |
| suffix for beta blocker dugs: | olol and lol |
| beta blockers ---- stop taking them | do not aburptly |
| beta blockers: | propanolol , metoproplol, atenolol, metoproplol, and carvedoll |
| increase the force of the contraction | beta receptor agonist |
| increase bp and cardiac output and useful in severee hypotensin | beta receptor agonist |
| beta receptor agonist ex: | isuprel |
| isoproternol: may also be used in the treatment of --- | isuprel, asthma |
Created by:
kaisudd
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