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The process by which children and adolescents socialize parents, just as parents socialize them.
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What are the most consistent findings regarding marital relationships and parenting?
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PS 334 Chp. 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The process by which children and adolescents socialize parents, just as parents socialize them. | Reciprocal Socialization |
| What are the most consistent findings regarding marital relationships and parenting? | Happily married parents are more sensitive , responsive, warm, and affectionate toward their children and adolescents. Marital satisfaction is also linked to good parenting. |
| A developmental view that emphasizes the role of early parent-child relationships in constructing a basic way of relating to people throughout the life span. | Continuity View |
| A developmental view that emphasizes change and growth in relationships over time. | Discontinuity View |
| What changes in the adolescent can influence the parent-adolescent relationship? | Puberty, expanded logical reasoning, increased idealistic thought, violated expectations, changes in schooling, peers, friendships, dating, and movement toward independence. |
| When is conflict between parents and adolescents, especially between mothers and sons, the most stressful? | The apex of pubertal growth |
| Do early-maturing adolescents experience more or less conflict with parents than adolescents who mature late or on time? | MORE conflict |
| What parental changes may contribute to parent-adolescent relationships? | Marital satisfaction, economic burdens, career reevaluation and time perspective, and health and body concerns. |
| What typically happens to marital satisfaction when adolescents or emerging adults leave home? | It increases. |
| Is the adolescent pregnancy rate in the United States now one of the lowest or one of the highest in the developed world? | HIGHEST |
| What differences in parenting have been found between younger and older fathers? | Older fathers are warmer, communicate better, encourage more achievement, place fewer demands on their children, are more lax on in enforcing rules, and show less rejection with their children. |
| Which parent is more likely to have a managerial role in parenting? | Mothers |
| How are family-management practices related to students’ grades, self-responsibility, and school-related problems? What is one of the most important family-management practices in this regard? | Most important is in maintaining a structured and organized family environment. |
| Which parental factor is most related to juvenile delinquency? | A lack of adequate parental monitoring |
| What are the four styles of parenting emphasized by Diana Baumrind | Authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, indulgent. |
| A restrictive, punitive parenting style in which the parent exhorts the adolescent to follow the parent's directions and to respect work and effort. | Authoritarian |
| A parenting style encouraging adolescents to be independent but still placing limits and controls on their actions. | Authoritative |
| A parenting style in which the parent is very uninvolved in the adolescent's life. | Neglectful |
| A parenting style in which parents are highly involved with their adolescents but place few demands or controls on them. | Indulgent |
| This parenting style is associated with adolescents' socially incompetent behavior. | Authoritarian |
| This parenting style is associated with adolescents' socially competent behavior. | Authoritative |
| These parenting styles is associated with adolescents' socially incompetence, especially a lack of self-control. | Neglectful and Indulgent |
| Which style of parenting do some parents use because they mistakenly believe it will produce a creative, confident adolescent? | Indulgent |
| What basic four dimensions of parenting can be used to describe Baumrind’s four parenting styles? | Acceptance, Responsiveness, demand, and control. |
| In general, researchers have found ____________________________ parenting to be related to positive aspects of development. | Authoritative |
| How does Ruth Chao describe the parenting style of most Asian American families? | More like training than parenting |
| Describe the typical Latino child-rearing style and strategies. | Encourage development of a self and identity and requires respect and obedience. |
| How do African American families and non-Latino White families typically differ in the use of physical punishment? | African Americans are more likely to use physical punishment than white families. |
| As roles have changed in contemporary society, do most fathers and mothers now tend to share equal responsibility for children and adolescents? | yes |
| Fathers tend to spend from _________________________ to ________________________ as much time with children and adolescents as mothers do. | one third to three fourths |
| Is the generation gap a significant problem for most parents and adolescents in our society? | NO |
| A minority of adolescents (perhaps ______ to ______ percent) have a high degree of conflict with their parents. | 20 to 25 |
| What does most of parent-adolescent conflict center around? | Small dilemmas |
| Are most adolescent conflicts with the mother or the father? | Mother |
| The capacity to relinquish childlike dependence on parents. | Emotional Autonomy |
| Is running away from home a sudden, abrupt event or a gradual process? | Gradual Process |
| Bowlby and Ainsworth argue that ______________________ ____________________ in infancy is central to the development of social competence. | Secure attachment |
| How do emerging adults’ relationships with their parents generally change when they leave home? | It improves. |
| Approximately ____ percent of American adolescents have one or more siblings. | 80 |
| Sibling relationships in adolescence are not as close, not as intense, and more ____________________ than in childhood. | Egalitarian |
| Are birth order effects strong predictors of adolescent behaviors? | yes |
| The United States has the ____________ percentage of single-parent families compared with virtually all other developed countries. | Highest |
| What has happened to the divorce rate in the United States since the 1980s? | Slowly declined. |
| Does adjustment for parents and children in stepfamilies take less or more time than that required for parents and children in divorced families? | More time |
| The uncertainty in stepfamilies about who is in or out of the family and who is performing or responsible for certain tasks in the family system. | Boundary Ambiguity |
| Is early adolescence a particularly easier or more difficult time for the formation of a stepfamily? | More difficult |
| Which has the more important effect on adolescent development, whether the parent works outside the home or the nature of the parents work? | Nature of the parents work |
| What is the “three-to-six o’clock problem? | The lack of adult supervision of children in the after-school hours. |
| Research suggests that children adopted as infants have the fewest adjustment difficulties, whereas those adopted after _______ years of age had the most problems. | 10 |
| The largest group of adolescents with gay male and lesbian parents are likely those who were born in the context of ______________________ relationships. | Heterosexual |
| In research examining cross-cultural parenting styles, the most common pattern was a ________________ and ____________________ style, one that was neither permissive nor restrictive. | Warm and controlling |
| What type of parenting is more common in the Arab world? | Authoritarian |
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gmoore730
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