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atmosphere ch 10
notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atmosphere is also made up of solids such as | salt, dust, pollen and pollutants |
| atmosphere | a thin layer of air that protects the planet and balances the amount of heat absorbed from the sun with the amount of heat reflected back into space |
| nitrogen | 78% of atmosphere |
| oxygen | 21% of atmosphere |
| other gases | 1% |
| the atmosphere is also made up of | water droplets or vapor 4% |
| the atmosphere is made up of 5 layers | troposphere, stratosphere, mesophere, thermosphere, exophere |
| troposphere | nearest to the earth where all weather happens. has 99% of watervapor and 75% of atmospheric gases. temperature decreases as altitude increases |
| stratosphere | where jets fly. ozone layer, found at the top of stratosphere absorbs UV light and reflect solar energy back into space |
| mesophere | coldest layer, meteors burn, radio waves are reflected to earth, temp decreases with altitude |
| thermosphere | hottest layer, contains the ionsphere where most satellites are, where Aurora Barealis aka Northern Lights happen |
| ionosphere | layer of electrically charged particles within the mesosphere and thermosphere |
| ionosphere | allows radio wavves to travel across the country to another city |
| exosphere | has so few molecules, where the space shuttle orbits Earth |
| air pressure | decreases as you go higher in Earths atmosphere |
| sun | source of most of the energy on Earth |
| stratosphere | temp in this layer rises with increasing altitude |
| mesosphere | temp decreases with altitude |
| ozone layer | located within the stratosphere made of oxygen |
| ultraviolet radiation | energy that comes to Earth from the Sun, too much can damage your skin and cause cancer |
| chlorofluorocarbons CFCs | chemical compounds used in some refrigerators, air conditioners, and aerosol sprays that destroy the ozone |
| heat is transferred through the atmosphere in three ways | radiation, conduction and convection |
| radiation | energy that is transferred in the form of rays or waves and warms your face |
| conduction | is the transfer of energy that occurs when molecules bump into one another |
| convection | third process is the transfer of heat by the flow of material |
| air is warmed | the molecules in it move apart and the air becomes less dense |
| the equator receives more of the suns energy | air near the equator is warmer |
| warm air is less dense than cold air | warm air rises |
| the poles receive less of the sun's energy | air near the poles is colder |
| cold air is more dense than warm air | cold air sinks |
| warm air molecules are farther apart | warm air is less dense |
| earth rotates | the coriolis effect exists |
| condensation | process of water vapor changing to a liquid |
| westerlies | near 30 degrees N and S latitude, moves wind W to E |
| doldrums | along the equator, heating causes air to expand,low pressure, and rainy |
| trade winds | air warmed near the equator travels toward the poles but gradually cools and sinks, coriolis effect, global trade routes. |
| polar easterlies | cold, dense air sinks and moves away from the poles. Wind from E to W |
| trade winds | air descending to Earths surface near 30 degrees N and S latitude creates steady winds that blow in tropical regions |
| jet streams | narrow belts of strong winds |
| sea breeze | movement of air from sea to land |
| land breeze | movement of air toward the water from the land |
Created by:
leitner6
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