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Ch 5B Physics
Magnetism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is magnetite? | The magnetic oxide of iron. |
| Where and when was magnetite discovered? | Around 1000 B.C. near village of Magnesia (now Western Turkey) |
| What is another name for magnetite? | Lodestone (leading stone) |
| Where does the term magnetism come from? | Name of the ancient village where the cows made Milk of Magnesia |
| What is created when a charged particle is put in motion? | A magnetic field |
| How is the magnetic field oriented relative to the motion of the charged particle? | Perpendicular to motion of particle |
| What represents the intensity of the magnetic field? | imaginary lines |
| If the motion of the particle is a closed loop, how are magnetic field lines oriented? | Perpendicular to the plane of motion |
| What direction do electrons circle a nucleus? | clockwise or counterclockwise |
| What is electron spin? | Momentum of a particle of an atom in a fixed pattern. |
| What atom configuration will exhibit a net magnetic field? | ??????? |
| What do the lines of a magnetic field look like? | closed loops |
| What do the terms bipolar and dipolar mean? | Magnetic field always has a north and a south pole |
| What is a magnetic dipole? | Small magnet created by the electron orbit |
| What is a magnetic domain? | An accumulation of many atomic magnets with their dipoles aligned |
| How do the magnetic domains relate to the formation of a magnet? | If all magnetic domains of an object are aligned, it acts like a magnet |
| Why is hydrogen a strong magnetic dipole? | Because it has one electron |
| What happens to the magnetic dipole in H2 molecules? | It is weakened because of the hydrogen bond |
| What happens to randomly distributed magnetic dipoles when they are put in an external magnetic field? | The magnetic dipoles align with the magnetic field. |
| What is produced by an electron spinning around an atom? | ?????? electron spin? |
| What is produced when the hydrogen nucleus spins on its axis? | ?????? |
| What happens to the magnetic flux lines, if a non magnetic material is brought near a magnet? | They are not disturbed |
| What happens to the magnetic flux lines if a magnetic material is brought near a magnet? | The magnetic field lines deviate and are concentrated into the ferromagnetic material. |
| List the 3 classifications of magnets | Naturally occurring magnets Artificially induced permanent magnets Electromagnets |
| Give an example of a natural magnet | The earth |
| Why does the earth have a magnetic field? | Because it spins on an axis |
| Give an example of a permanent magnet | Compass |
| How are permanent magnets produced? | Aligning their domains in the field of an electromagnet |
| How long will a permanent magnet be permanent | Until their magnetic property is destroyed |
| List 2 ways to make a magnet into a non-magnet | heating it OR hitting it with a hammer |
| What happens to the magnetic domains when they are jarred? | Magnetism is lost because they randomly align |
| Describe an electromagnet | A wire wrapped around an iron core; when an electric current is conducted through the wire, a magnetic field is created |
| What happens to the intensity of the magnetic field of an electromagnet if the current is increased? | It also increases (current and intensity directly related) |
| Define diamagnetic material | weakly repelled by either magnetic pole |
| Give 2 examples of diamagnetic material | Water & plastic |
| Define ferromagnetic material | strongly attracted by a magnet; can usually be permanently magnetized by exposure to a magnetic field |
| Give examples of ferromagnetic material | Iron & cobalt & nickel |
| What is alnico? | An alloy of aluminum, nickel and cobalt that is one of the more useful magnets produced from ferromagnetic material. |
| What is gadolinium? | A paramagnetic material that is weakly attracted to both poles of a magnetic field. |
| Define magnetic susceptibility | The degree to which a material can be magnetized. |
| Define paramagnetic material | Very slightly attracted to a magnet and are loosely influenced by an external magnetic field. |
| What happens when a magnet is divided in two? | Two separate magnets are created. |
| How are the lines of flux demonstrated? | By the action of iron filings near an magnet |
| What are the ends of magnets called? | Poles |
| What happens when 2 like poles are brought close? | They repel each other |
| What happens when 2 unlike poles are brought close? | They attract each other |
| What is the direction of the imaginary lines of flux | Go from north to south pole |
| What are the imaginary magnetic field lines called? | magnetic lines of induction |
| How can a ferromagnetic material be made into a magnetic? | induction |
| What would happens is a diamagnetic material were put in the magnetic field? | The lines of induction would not be altered and not magnetism would occur. |
| State Maxwells field theory of electromagnetic radiation. | The force created by a magnetic field and the force of the electric field behave similarly. |
| What is the SI unit of magnetic field strength? | Tesla |
| What is the traditional unit of magnetic field strength? | Gauss |
| How strong is the earths magnetic field? | 50 uT at equator and 100 uT at poles (less than magnet on a door latch) |
| List the 4 laws of Magnetism | ???????? |
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roberts-5691
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