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Abnormal- Chapter 7
Mood Disorders and Suicide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Types of DSM-IV-TR Depressive Disorders | Major depressive disorder, Dysthymic disorder, Double depression |
| Types of DSM-IV-TR Bipolar Disorders | Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder, Cyclothymic disorder |
| Major Depression | Major depressive episode is most commonly diagnosed and most severe form of depression |
| Features of Major Depression | Cognitive symptoms (e.g., feeling worthless or indecisive), Disturbed physical functioning (e.g., altered sleep patterns, changes in appetite/weight, loss of energy), Anhedonia – Loss of pleasure/interest in usual activities |
| Average duration of an untreated major depressive episode is ________ months. | 9 |
| Major Depressive Disorder: single episode | highly unusual |
| Major Depressive Disorder: recurrent episode | more common |
| Features of Mania | Exaggerated joy, or euphoria, Hyperactivity, Decreased need for sleep, May include grandiose plans |
| Speech is typically ________ and may become __________ during mania. | rapid, incoherent |
| People in mania may try to express ___________________. | all their thoughts at once |
| Symptoms for mania must be present for at least 1 ____ for a diagnosis. | week |
| How long does a untreated manic episode usually last? | 6 months |
| Features of Hypomania | less severe version of a manic episode, does not cause unmarked impairment in social or occupational functioning |
| Major depressive disorder, single episode | defined, in part, by the absence of manic or hypomanic episodes before or during the episode |
| True or false: The occurrence of one isolated depressive episode in a lifetime is rare. | true |
| True or false: Major Depressive Disorder is almost always a chronic condition that comes and goes over time, but seldom disappears | true |
| Major Depressive Disorder, recurrent | two or more major depressive episodes occur and are separated by a period of at least 2 months during which the individual is not depressed |
| Recurrent vs. Single major depressive episode is associated with a ______________________. | family history of depression |
| As many as ____% of single episode cases later have a second episode of major depression | 80 |
| Main age of onset for depression | 25 but now down to 14 |
| Features of dysthymia | Milder symptoms of depression than major depression, Persists for at least 2 years (during this time, the person cannot be symptom free for more than 2 months at a time), Can persist unchanged over long periods –> 20 years |
| Onset for Dysthymia | 21 or younger |
| People with dysthymia have relatively _______ prognosis. (i.e. poor response to treatment) | poor |
| There is a _________ likelihood that dysthymia runs in the family. | strong |
| The median duration of dysthymic disorder is approximately ___ years in adults and ___ years in children. | 5, 4 |
| Patients suffering from dysthymia have a __________ likelihood of attempting suicide than those suffering from major depressive disorder | higher |
| Features of double depression | Major depressive episodes and dysthymic disorder, Dysthymic disorder often develops first |
| What is double depression associated with? | a severe psychopathology and a problematic future course |
| ______ recurrence rates when dysthymia is untreated. | high |
| True or false: double depression is common | true |
| ____% of people with dysthymia had a major depressive episode at some point in their lives | 79 |
| Severe depression following a death of a loved one is _________. | quite high |
| Depression during grief is only considered depression when there are severe symptoms such as ______________________________. | psychotic features, suicidal ideation |
| Grief is usually resolved in a couple of months post loss, but may be exasperated at ____________________. | significant anniversaries |
| If grief lasts longer than ________, then mental health professionals may become concerned. | 1 year |
| Bipolar I: Features | alternating full major depressive and manic episodes |
| Average onset for Bipolar I is _____. | 18 years old |
| True or false: Bipolar I can begin in childhood. | true |
| True or false: Bipolar I tends to be chronic. | true (treatment tends to be poor) |
| True or false: Suicide is a common consequence for bipolar I. | true |
| Bipolar II disorder features | alternating major depressive and hypomanic episodes |
| average age for onset for bipolar II disorder | 22 years old |
| True or false: Bipolar II can begin in childhood | true |
| ___ to ___% of cases progress to full bipolar I disorder | 10 to 13 |
| Bipolar II tends to be ________. | chronic |
| Features of cyclothymic disorder | Manic and major depressive episodes are less severe, Manic or depressive mood states persist for long periods, Pattern must last for at least 2 years for adults, Must last at least 1 year for children and adolescents |
| avg onset for cyclothymic disorder | 12 to 14 years old |
| cyclothymia tends to be _________ and _________. | lifelong, chronic |
| Most people who have cyclothymia are _________. | females |
| People with cyclothymia run a high risk of developing _________________________. | bipolar I or bipolar II disorder |
| specifiers | Symptom specifiers are helpful in determining the most effective treatment |
| Two types of specifiers | those that describe the most recent episode of the disorder, -and- those that describe its course or pattern |
| Symptom specifier (recent episode) | psychotic (hallucinations/delusions) |
| Course specifiers | past history of mood disturbance (for example, one should determine whether dysthymia preceded a major depressive episode or whether cyclothymic disorder preceded bipolar disorder) |
| Rapid cycling pattern (for bipolar I and II only) | at least 4 manic or depressive episodes within a period of 1 year |
| True or false: Rapid cycling is a more severe form of bipolar disorder that does not respond well to treatment, and appears to be associated with higher rates of suicide | true |
| True or false: Alternative drug treatments are typically utilized with individuals meeting criteria for this specifier | true |
| lifetime prevalence for major depression | 16.1% |
| lifetime prevalence for dysthymia | 3.6% |
| lifetime prevalence for bipolar | 1.3% |
| _________ are more likely to suffer from major depression. | females |
| Bipolar disorders affects ________ and ________ equally. | males and females |
| Dysthymia is _____________ than major depression in children. | more prevalent |
| ______________ is more common in adolescence. | Major depression |
| True or false: depression is often misdiagnosed in children. | true |
| In early childhood, ________ are more likely than ________ to be depressed. | males, females |
| adolescent __________ are more likely to be depressed than adolescent __________ and this remains this way until old age. | females, males |
| bipolar is _______ in children. | rare |
| Sex ratio for depression in the elderly is _____________. | equal |
| _______ to _______% of elderly nursing home residents may experience major depressive episodes, which are likely to be ______. | 18 to 20%, chronic |
| It is _________to diagnose an elderly person with depression due to medical illnesses and symptoms of dementia. | difficult |
| _______________ often accompany depression in the elderly. | anxiety disorders |
| anxiety and depression | people who are depressed may have an anxiety disorder not everyone who has a anxiety disorder is depressed |
| Familial and Genetic Influences: family studies | Rate is high in relatives, Relatives of bipolar – Risk for unipolar depression |
| If one identical twin has a mood disorder, the other twin is ___ times more likely than a fraternal twin to have a mood disorder, particularly for bipolar disorder. | 3 |
| If one identical twin has Bipolar I, ___% chance the other twin will have some mood disorder. | 80 |
| Severe mood disorders may have a _________ genetic contribution than less severe disorders (This is true for most psychological disorders). | stronger |
| heritability rates for depression being higher for _________ compared to _________. | females, males |
| Data from family and twin studies also suggest that the biological vulnerability for mood disorders may reflect a more vulnerability for anxiety disorders as well |
Created by:
Ellemkay
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