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Psychology Vocab
Learning stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Phobia | an irrational fear of an object or a situation |
| Classical Conditioning | a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus (no automatic response) Neutral stimulus + response (starts with unlearned pairing) |
| Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) | a stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning |
| Unconditioned Response (UCR) | an unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning |
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | a previously neutral stimulus that has – through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus –acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response |
| Conditioned Response (CR) | a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning (may be the same as the unconditioned response) |
| Acquisition | the initial stage of learning something |
| Extinction | the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency |
| Operant conditioning | a form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences (BF Skinner) |
| Negative reinforcement | take away something that the organism doesn’t like |
| Reinforcement | occurs when an event following a response increases an organism’s tendency to make that response |
| Acquisition | initial stage of learning that usually involves shaping |
| Primary Reinforcers | are events that are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs |
| Secondary Reinforcers | are events that acquire reinforcing qualities by being associated with primary reinforcers |
| Positive reinforcement | response followed by addition of a rewarding stimulus (e.g., study hard for your next exam and earn an A) |
| Positive punishment | response followed by addition of an aversive stimulus (e.g., get into a fight in elementary school and get spanked by your father when you get home) |
| Negative punishment | response followed by removal of a rewarding stimulus (e.g., earn bad grades in high school and your mother takes away your car) |
| Observational learning | occurs when an organism’s responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models |
| 4 Key Processes of observational learning | attention, retention, reproduction, motivation |
Created by:
cekazmer
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