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Psychology Vocab
list from sensation and perception
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gustation | the sense of Taste |
| Five basic tastes | sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and “brothy” |
| Olfaction | our sense of smell |
| Skin senses | the sensations of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain |
| Kinesthetic sense | sense of the location of body parts in relation to the ground and each other |
| Vestibular senses | the sensations of movement, balance and body position. |
| Somesthetic senses | refer to the bodily senses |
| Linear perspective | parallel lines appear to converge |
| Relative size | objects are assumed to be far away when they are small |
| Interposition | object that appears to block another object is closer |
| Aerial perspective | far away appear hazy |
| Texture gradient | textured surfaces appear smaller and finer when farther away |
| Motion parallax | close objects appear to move more quickly than objects that are farther away |
| Accommodation | the brain uses information about the changing thickness of the lens of the eye to determine closeness of objects |
| Convergence | the rotation of the two eyes in their sockets to focus on a single object which results in greater convergence for closer objects and lesser convergence if objects are distant |
| Binocular disparity | the difference in images between the two eyes which is greater for objects that are closer and smaller for distant objects |
| Herman grid | seeing gray squares at intersections |
| Muller-Lyer illusions | illusion of line length that is distorted by inward-turning or outward-turning corners on the ends of the lines which causes lines of equal length to appear to be different |
| Moon illusion | the moon on the horizon appears to be larger than the moon in the sky |
| Autokinetic effect | a small, stationary light in a darkened room will appear to move or drift because there are no surrounding cues to indicate that the light is not moving |
| Stroboscopic motion | seen in motion pictures, in which a rapid series of still pictures will appear to be in motion |
| Phi phenomenon | lights turned on in a sequence appear to move |
| Perceptual set | the tendency to perceive things a certain way because pervious experiences or expectations influence those perceptions |
| Top-down processing | the use of preexisting knowledge to organize individual features into a unified whole |
| Bottom-up processing | the analysis of the smaller features to build up to a complete perception |
| Sensation | the activation of receptors in various sense organs |
| Perception | the method by which the brain takes all the sensations that we experience and interprets them in a meaningful way |
| Sense Organs | Eyes, ears, nose, skin, taste buds |
| Just noticeable Difference(or the difference threshold) | the smallest difference between two stimuli that is detectable 50 percent of the time |
| Absolute threshold | the smallest amount of energy needed for a person to consciously detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time it is present |
| Subliminal stimuli | stimuli that are below the level of conscious awareness |
| Subliminal perception | process by why subliminal stimuli act upon the unconscious mind and influence behavior |
| Habituation | tendency of the brain to stop attending to constant, unchanging information |
| Sensory adaptation | tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging |
| Microsaccades | constant movement of the eyes that people do not notice which prevents sensory adaptation to visual stimuli |
| Rods | visual sensory receptors responsible for noncolor sensitivity to low levels of light |
| Cones | visual sensory receptors responsible for color vision and sharpness of vision |
| Blind spot | area in the retina where the axons of the retinal cells exit the eye to form the optic nerve |
| Dark adaptation | the recovery of the eyes sensitivity to visual stimuli in darkness after exposure to bright lights |
| Light adaptation | the recovery of the eyes sensitivity to visual stimuli in light after exposure to darkness |
| Trichromatic theory | theory of color vision that proposes three types of cones: red, blue, and green |
| Opponent-process theory | theory of color vision that proposes four primary colors with cones arranged in pairs: red, and green, blue and yellow |
| Monochrome colorblindness | either have no cones of have cones that are not working at all (very rare) |
| Red-green colorblindness | either the red or the green cones are not working |
| Blue colorblindness | the blue cones are not working (less common than red-green) |
| Wavelength | interested as frequency or pitch (high, medium, or low) |
| Amplitude | interpreted as volume (how soft or loud a sound is) |
| Purity | interpreted as timbre (a richness in the tone of the sound) |
| Hertz (Hz) | cycles or waves per second (a measure of frequency) |
| Decibel | a unit of measure for loudness |
Created by:
cekazmer
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