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Midterm Marian
Pharm Midterm Marian Spring 2011
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Pharmacology | Study of drugs |
| Prototype | usually the first of its kind to the market |
| Generic Name | Related to Chemical/lowercase |
| Trade | Brand Name/Given by the manufacture/Uppercase |
| Pure Food and Drug Act was 1st-1906 | dealt with slaughter houses/forerunner of the FDA |
| Food Drug and Cosmetic Act 1938 | Manufacturing/distribution/advertising/labeling |
| Orphan Drug Act | Government authorize to make drugs for small amount of ppt w/o profit |
| Schedule 1 Drugs | illegeal drugs, not approve for medical use |
| Schedule 2 Drugs | High abusive potential drugs, including opiods, Morephine,codein, percocet,,oxycodone, dermold |
| Schedule 3 Drugs | less abusive potential, but still likely to be addicting |
| Schedule 4 Drugs | Some potential for abuse-Valium, appetite suppressants |
| Schedule 5 Drugs | Products with moderate amounts of controlled substance. |
| Pregancy Categories-What group do you NEVER giver period | Catagory X |
| Drug approval Process-Phase 1 | healthy people |
| Drug approval process-Phase 2 | few subject with the disease |
| Drug approval process-Phase 3 | large double blind studies |
| Drug approval process-Phase 4 | FDA elevaluates and monitors |
| Does the FDA having anything to do with the testing of a new drug? | No |
| What is the FDA job with a new drug? | Monitoring the new drug |
| What is Pharmocokinetics | What the body does to the drug |
| Absorption (pharmocokinetics) | getting the drug to the blood stream |
| Distrution (pharmocokinetics) | attaching to the protein in the blood |
| Metabolism (pharmocokinetics) | getting the drug to a useable form |
| Excertion (pharmocokinetics) | getting it out of the body |
| What diseases could affect distribution (pharmocokinetics) | malnutriton/anoxia/alcoholics/liver disease/cardio issues |
| What stops the drug from entering into the brain | Blood barrier |
| Passive transportation | higher to lower concentration |
| Facilitated transportation | buddy system |
| active transportation | lower to higher concentration |
| What is another name for Metabolism | Biotransformation |
| what is the primary organ used in the metabolic process | Liver |
| Enzyme induction | takes 1-3 weeks |
| Enzyme inhibition | Immediately done there is normally 2 drugs involved with this process |
| What is onset | when the drug starts to work |
| What is peak | highest level of drug in the body |
| what is Duration | the time the drug last in the body |
| what is Pharmacodynamics | what the drug does to the body |
| If you have an agonist drug what does it | add to the function the body already does |
| If you have an antagonist what does it do | It stops blocks the body from doing what is already does |
| What is a drug interactions | drugs either complete for receptor or metabolism |
| What is it called when you add one drug with another to get the desire effect | additive effect |
| what is it called when you have 2 drugs that do the same thing | synergistic effect |
| what is it called when you have 1 drug that over rides another drug | displacement |
| what is it called when you have 2 drugs that complete for metabolism | interference |
| What is ALWAYS the first PRIORITY when you suspect some has overdosed | VITALS A-B-C (airway, breathing, circulation) |
| what is the UNIVERSAL antidote for Toxicity | Activated Charcoal |
| What are the 5 rights for administration of medications | rt drug, rt dose, rt pt, rt route, and rt time |
| what do you need to see on EVERY prescription | name of pt, drug, dose, route, freq (date and time and signature) |
| What two medication doesn't deal with platelets | Tylenol and Cox 2 inhibitors |
| What drugs is the protype for non-narcotic analgesic drugs | ASA |
| How long does ASA stay with platelets? | 7-10 days |
| What are the signs of ASA Toxicity | Tennitus and hyperventilations |
| How long should you stop ASA prior to an invasive procedure? | 2 weeks |
| What don't we give ASA to children | Reyes syndrome |
| What drugs do you use for an overdose of Tylenol | mucomyst |
| Does tylenol help with inflammation | No |
| Which drug is the drug of choice for ferile children, elderly and impaired renal function(non-narcotic analgesic drugs) | Tylenol |
| How can you tell what drugs are with non-steriodial | ac, profen, cam |
| What are the other two drugs for NSAIDS | Motrin and Indocin |
| What is motrin used to treat | pain, fever, inflammation,arthritis, menstrual cramps |
| Which drug is used for Patent Ductus arteriosis in newborn? | Indocin |
| What NSAIDS drug has strong anti-inflammatory effect? | Indocin |
| How long can you use Toradol? | 5 days |
| How is Toradol given? | IM/IV |
| What is the drug in Cox 2 inhibitor | Celebrex |
| What diet should you follow for Gout | Low purine |
| What anti gout medication is used for acute attacks | Colchicine |
| What don't you use Colchicine more then 7 days | Bone marrow toxicity |
| What anti-gout drug is used for prevent and treats increased formation of uric acid | Allopurinol(Zyloprim) |
| What anti-gout drug is used for maintainace | Probenecid (Benemid) |
| A pt with gout should increase their fluids to what? | 3,000 ml/day |
| What disease do you not give Ergot alkaloids to | HTN,vascular disease, pregnacy |
| How can you tell triptains/serotonin agonists by (migraine medications) | ptan |
| How long should you wait to take triptans/serotine drug after taking Ergot alkaloids? | 24 hours |
| When does serotonin syndrome happen? | When you take 2 drugs that increase the serotonin together |
| What schedule is an opiod? | Schedule 2 |
| What is the protype for opiod | Morphine |
| What drug is given when you have an overdose with opiod | Narcan |
| What is one thing you watch for when giving a narcotic? | Respiration |
| When do you hold a narcotic? | Respiration < 10 |
| How should you take a patient off of opiod if they are addicted? | wean them |
| How do you give Morphine? | IM/IV/SQ/Rectally |
| What other drug do you normally give codeine with? | Tylenol |
| What is Codeine mainly used for? | cough |
| Should you give a patient with head injury opiod? | No |
| Which drug is more potent than Codeine? | Oxycodone |
| What is most effective orally than morphine? | Dilaudid |
| What does synthetic mean? | completely man made |
| What two drugs are synthetic? | Demerol and Fentanyl |
| What will it cause if you give Demerol to long? | noreaparadine |
| Primary use for Fentanyl | anesthesia |
| What drug can be given while in labor? | Talwin |
| What opiate agonist antagonist is equal to Morphine? | Nubain |
| Narcan has a short half life how often could you repeat Narcan to reverse the effect of the other drug | 30-60 minutes |
| What drug is given for abuse? | Methodone |
| how can you tell if a drug is Benzodiazepines | lam and pam |
| What group of people should you be cautions of when using Benzodiazepines | Elderly, pregnacy and those taking other depressants |
| You should NOT use Benzodiazepines when someone has the following | Liver or kidney disease |
| What drug do you use to reverse toxicity on Benzodiazepines? | Romazicon |
| What is the protype for Benzodiazepines? | Valium |
| How long does it take for Buspar to start working? | 3-4 weeks |
| what group of medications if the first line of defense for depression? | SSRI |
| What is one side effect does Lunesta have? | bad taste in the mouth |
| What drug helps for continuous hiccups | Haldol |
| What is the protype for Phenothiazines | Thorazine (Chloropromazine) |
| What are the other two drugs in Phenothiazines groups? | Fluphenazine (permitil), Trifluoperazine (stelazine) |
| What is the 1st generation typical prototype non-phenothiazines | Haldol |
| What is the 2nd generation atypical prototype non-phenothiazines | Clorzpine (clozaril) |
| What do you want to watch for with the 2nd generation non-phenothiazines | agranulocytosis |
| What is the prototype for TCA drugs? | Imipramine hydrochloride (Tofranil) |
| What ist the other drug in TCA group? | Amitriptyline hydrochloride (Elavil) |
| Which is group of Anti-depressant isn't being used anymore because of risk of suicide? | MAOI |
| What are the 4 drugs in SSRI group? | Prozac, Celexa,Paxil, Zoloft |
| The only drugs in MAOI groups is? | Nardil |
| What are the two in SNRI | Wellbutrin,Effexor |
| Wellbutrin is also known as ________and it is used for _________ | Zyban, stop smoking |
| What drug that is used for seizures that you don't want to switch between name brand and generic? | Dilantin |
| Why does someone have Parkinson's Disease? | Decrease in Dopamine to the brain |
| What two drugs are Dopaminergic Drug? | Levedopa (Dopar) and Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) |
| How can you tell a drug is in the Dopaminergic group? | opa |
| What other group of medication is used for Parkinson's as well? | Anticholineric drug |
| The two drugs in Anticholinergic drug? | Trihexphenidyl (Atrene) and Benzthropine (Cogentine) |
| Name the three muscle relaxants? | Soma, Flexeril, and Lioresal |
| What three drugs are in Amphetamines group they treat for ADHD? | Ritalin, Dexadrine, Strattera |
| What happens when the SYMPATHETIC is activated? | Speeds up: Increase HR, Increase HR, pupils dilate, Increase RR blood goes from extremities to the vital organs (Gut slows down) |
| What Happens when the PARASYMPATHETIC is activiated? | Everything slows down: Decrease RR, Decrease HR, Decrease in BP: blood goes from the vital organs to the extremities (Gut speeds up) |
| What are Adrenergic drugs used for? | In emergency conditions |
| What is the prototype for Adrenergic drug? | Epinephrine (Adrenalin) |
| Which is the drug of choice for anaphyactic shock? | Epinephrine (Adrenalin) |
| There are 3 more adrenergic drug | Phenylephrine (neo-synephrine), Isoproternol (Isuprel),Pseudoephedrine (sudafed) |
| What is Isuprel used for? | stimulates heart and bronchodilator |
| What is Phenylephrine used for? | Vasocontriction and Nasal decongestant |
| What does Antiadrenergic drugs block? | they block the sympathetic system partically or all of it |
| When do you not want to use Antiadrenergic drug | renal impairment |
| What type of muscles does alpha adrenergic blocking agent work on | dilates vessels in smooth muscles |
| What two drugs are used to decrease BP in Alpha Adrenergic blocking drugs | Catapres and Minipress |
| What drug is used for Phenochromocytoma hypertension in Alpha Adrenergic blocking drugs | (Phentolamine mesylate (Regitine) |
| What drug is used for BPH in Alpha Adrenergic blocking drugs (Prostate) | Flomax |
| What are some adverse effects of Beta Blockers | Bradycardia, SOB, HF, Hypotension |
| You would not want to use Beta Blockers if someone has what? | Heart block or bradycardia |
| What are the three LOL drugs? | Propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal); Atenolol (Tenormin); Carvedilol (Coreg) |
| How should you take a pulse with Beta Blocker? | Apical |
| What should you avoid while taking Beta Blockers | hot tubs; steam and saunas |
| what drug is used for Alzheimers (Cholinergic Drug) | Donepezil (Aricept) |
| What drug is given for Urinary Retention and Paralytic intestines (Cholinergic Drug) | Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) |
| What drug is used for delayed gastric emptying (Cholinergic Drug) | Reglan |
| What is used for Myasthenia Gravis (Cholinergic Drug) | Neostigmine (Prostigmin) |
| What is used for diagnose MG (Cholinergic Drug) | Endrophonium Chloride (Tensilon) |
| What drug is the reversal drug for Cholinergic Drug | Atropine Sulfate |
| What is the prototype drug for Anticholinergic drug? | Atropine Sulfate |
| What drug treats for bradycardia in Anticholinergic drug? | Atropine |
| What drug is the antidote for cholinergic, mushroom, insecticide toxicity | atropine |
| Which drug in Anticholinergic drug group is used for increase bladder capacity and decrease freq | Oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan) |
| What Anticholinergic drug is used to delay urge for void | Tolterodine (Detrol) |
| What Anticholinergic drug is used to relax GI Spasms/antispamotic | Hyoscyamine (Anaspaz) |
| Which step in Asthma is SEVERE | step 4- you have symptoms all the time |
| Which inhaler is used for fast acting/short acting inhaler | Albuterol (Proventil) |
| What is long acting inhaler | Salmetrol (Serevent Disk) |
| Which is a once a day dose for asthma? | Spiriva |
| What is 24 hour duration ashma medication | Advair |
| What group is used for chronic use only in ashma | Xanthines |
| What two drugs are used for Xanthines group? | Theophylline (theo-dur) and Aminophylline (Phyllocontine) |
| Which drug is used for extended release Xanthines group | Theophylline (theo-dur) |
| What is the therapeutic level Xanthines | 10-20mcq |
| Which one of the Xanthines is given IV | Aminophylline (Phyllocontine) |
| What are the two anticholinergics for asthma? | Ipratropium (Atrovent) and Ipratropium/albuterol(Combivent) |
| How long should you wait in between different inhalations? | 5 minutes |
| How long should you wait in between the same inhaler | 1 minute |
| What can happen if you use inhalers to much? | Paradoxical bronchoconstriction |
| Beclomethasone (Beconase) | Anti Inflammatory agents-Corticosteroids |
| Budesonide (Pulmicort) | Anti Inflammatory agents-Corticosteroids |
| Fluticasone (Flonase) | Nasal spray Anti Inflammatory agents-Corticosteroids |
| Fluticasone (Flovent) | Inhaler Anti Inflammatory agents-Corticosteroids |
| Triamcinolone (Azmacort) | Anti Inflammatory agents-Corticosteroids |
| What does Anti Inflammatory agents-Corticosteroids do? | suppress inflammation/decrease mucus secretion |
| what type of Anti Inflammatory agents-Corticosteroids is the safest to use | Inhalers |
| What helps prevent lung damage with chronic asthma | Corticosteroids |
| How long does Leukotriene Modifiers last? | 24 hours |
| Do you use Leukotriene modifiers for an emergency | NO |
| Which Leukotriene Modifier reduce night time symptoms | Singular |
| Which one of the Leukotriene Modifier do you have to watch for live toxicity | Zileutrone (Zyflo) |
| What liver enzyme do you want to check for while on Leukotriene Modifier | P450 Metabolism |
| Recently Leukotriene Modifier has been associated with what? | alter mood |
| What is the prototype for antihistamine 1st generation | Benadryl |
| Three jobs that antihistamine do | Inhibit smooth muscles; decrease capillary permeanbility; decrease tears and salivation |
| what is the prototype for antihistamine 2nd generation | Allegra |
| What is so special about Allegra? | It doesn't cause dowiness |
| Three nasal decongestants | Sudafed,Afrin,Neosynephrine |
| What are antitussive used for? | dry hacking cough |
| What is COPD | Chronic Bronchitis and Chronic Emphysema |
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