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Psyc430X-Exam 2
Study Guide for Exam 2 (chapters 4, 5, & 6)
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) definition of abuse: | "Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parant or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents and imminent risk of serious harm." |
Centers for Diseas Control and Prevention (CDC) definition: | "The intentional use of physical force by a parent or caregiver against a child that results in, or has the potential to result in, physical injury." |
A definition of physical punishment: | Physical punishment is the use of physical force with the intention of causing the child to experience bodily pain or discomfort so as to correct or punish a child's behavior. |
From a social theoretical point of view, Staus argues that spanking is harmful for two reasons: | (A) when authority figures spank, they are, in essence, condoning the use of violence as a way of dealing with frustration and settling disputes; (B) the implicit message of acceptance of this form of violence contributes to violence in other aspects. |
Characteristics of Victims of CPA: Age | CPA is found amount children of all ages, risk does not seem to be related to age. |
Characteristics of Victims of CPA: Gender | CPA against male children is slightly more common than CPA against females |
Characteristics of Victims of CPA: Socioeconomic status (SES) | CPA |
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) definition of abuse: | "Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parant or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents and imminent risk of serious harm." |
Centers for Diseas Control and Prevention (CDC) definition: | "The intentional use of physical force by a parent or caregiver against a child that results in, or has the potential to result in, physical injury." |
A definition of physical punishment: | Physical punishment is the use of physical force with the intention of causing the child to experience bodily pain or discomfort so as to correct or punish a child's behavior. |
From a social theoretical point of view, Staus argues that spanking is harmful for two reasons: | (A) when authority figures spank, they are, in essence, condoning the use of violence as a way of dealing with frustration and settling disputes; (B) the implicit message of acceptance of this form of violence contributes to violence in other aspects. |
Characteristics of Victims of CPA: Age | CPA is found amount children of all ages, risk does not seem to be related to age. |
Characteristics of Victims of CPA: Gender | CPA against male children is slightly more common than CPA against females |
Characteristics of Victims of CPA: Socioeconomic status (SES) | CPA is more likely to occur in families of low SES |
Characteristics of Victims of CPA: Race | Victims of CPA come from a diverse range of ehtnic and cultural backgrounds; A growing body of evidence suggests that African American families are at the greatest risk for CPA |
Characteristics of Victims of CPA: Children with developmental disibilities | Official estimates show that CPA is more common amoung children with developmental disabilities then amoung children without diabilities. |
Characteristics of Perpetrators: Demographic characteristics | Younger parents, males, and unmarried parents living with a partner are more likely to be reported for CPA |
Characteristics of Perpetrators: Emotional and behaviorsl characteristics | Emotional and behavioral difficulties are more common amount physical abusive adults. (anger control problems, low frustration tolerance, substance abuse or dependence, anxiety, deficits in problem solving skills) |
Characteristics of Perpetrators: Biological Factors | Adults who physically abuse children may possess a physiological trait that makes them hyperresponsive to child-related stimuli (the child's crying) |
Characteristics of Perpetrators: Biological Factors | Other research has documented deficits in the physical health and neurological functioning of abusive parents compared to nonabusive parents. |
Short-Term Outcomes of CPA | Medical and neurobiological promlems; Cognitive problems; Behavior problems; Socioemotional difficulties; Psychiatric disorders. |
Long-Term Outcomes of CPA | Criminal and violent behavior; Substance abuse; Socioemotional difficulties (PTSD, Despressive Disorders) |