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vince guadagno

QuestionAnswer
Ch. 11 & 12 STUDY NOTES
Atoms all things are made from atoms
Parts of an atom nucleus (protons & and neutrons)
Protons positive charge
Neutrons have no charge (neutral)
Opposites attract + attracts – and goes the other way too!
Electrons have a negative charge
Mass of electron is smaller than the mass of a proton & neutron
Electron cloud makes up most of the volume of an atom
Protons, neutrons, and electrons makes up an atom
Element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means
Pure substance matter that has the same composition throughout and cannot be separated into its parts by physical means
There are more than 100 different kinds of atoms (about 90 of the elements are found In nature)
Ex of natural elements carbon, oxygen, gold, silver and iron
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that has the properties, or characteristics, of that element
Molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by very strong chemical bonds
A molecule can be made up of more than one atom of the same element
Ex molecule in oxygen gas contains two atoms of oxygen
Compounds pure substances made up of two or more different elements that are chemically joined
Elements are always found in the same proportions
Ex table salt has the chemical formula NaCI
This compound always has exactly one atom of sodium (Na) and one atom of chlorine(Cl)
Elements, compounds, and mixtures are identified and represented by chemical formulas
Periodic table of elements presents and organizes information about all the elements
Each element has a box in the periodic table that contains info specific to the element
First letter always capital in box of element
Atomic number identifies the number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of an element
Atomic mass the weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element
Periodic table is a useful model that can help you understand the properties of elements
Horizontal row in the table is called a period
Periods are numberi1-7
Vertical line is called the group
Groups are numberd1-18
Metals are locatedto the left of the dark, step-like line startingin group 13 and ending in 16
More than 75%of the elements are metals on the periodic table
Metal properties they are usually shiny, malleable, ductile, and are usually slid at room temperature and are good conductors of heat and electricity
Nonmetals are elements that are not metals
nonmetal properties some are gases but the solid ones usually are dull in appearance, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity
Metalloids substances that have some characteristic of both metals and nonmetals
Metalloid properties semi-conductors
Chemical property is a characteristic that determines how a substance will interact with other substances during a chemical reaction
Observe chemical property you cant
Reactivity describes how likely an element is to react and form bonds with other elements
Ion is an atom that has a positive or negative charge
Ions form when the atom gains or lose electrons
Inert unable to react chemically
Halogens are the most reactive nonmetals
alkali metal the most reactive metals;their atoms have one electronin there outer level.
alkaline-earth metal they are reactive but they are mixed with other metals and aere less reactive then alkai metals
transition metal less reactive than the alkai metals and the alkaline earth metals
boron group one metalloid metals, electrons in outer level,and reactive
carbon group reactivity varies among the elements
nitrogen group its reactivity varies among the elements and has electrons in the outer level
oxygen group 20% of air and reactive
halagens reactive nonmetals, and there atoms have 7 electrons in their outer level
noble gases their atoms have 8 electrons in there outer level
hydrogen one electron in the outer level and reactive
Created by: PhySciLewis1
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