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Psych 120
psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 stages of memory | sensory memory, long term, short term |
| encoding | process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory |
| storage | process of keeping or maintaining information in memory |
| retreival | process of bringing to mind information that has been stored in memory (recall, recognition) |
| recall | memory task in which a person must produce required information by searching memory |
| recognition | memory task in which a person must simply identify material as familiar or as having been encounter before |
| sensory memory | memory system that holds information from the senses for a period of time ranging form only a fraction of a second to about 2 seconds capacity: vast |
| Long term memory | Capacity:unlimited Duration:some permanent |
| short term memory | Capacity:7+/-2 Duration: 15-30 seconds |
| declarative memory | subsystem of long term memory that stores facts, information, and persoanl life events that can be brought to mind verbally or in the form of images and then declared or stated also called explicit memory. |
| Episodic memory | type of memory declarative memory that records events as they have been subjectively experienced |
| Semantic memory | type of declarative memory that stores general knowledge or objective facts and information |
| Nondeclarative memory | subsystem within longterm memory that stores motor skills, habits, and simple classically conditioned responses, also call implicit memroy |
| recall | a memory task in which a person must produce required information by searching memory |
| retrieval cue | any stimulus or bit of information that aids in retrieving particular information from long-term memory |
| recognition | a memory task in which a person must simply identify material as familiar or as having been encountered before |
| Context effect | the tendency to encode elements of the physical setting in which information is learned along with memory of the information itself |
| rehearsal | act of purposely repeating information to maintain it in short term memroy |
| chunking | memroy strategy that involves grouping or organizing bits of information into larger units which are easier to remember |
| State dependent memory | the tendency to recall information better if one is in the same pharmacological or psychological state as when the information was encoded |
| serial position effect | the finding that for informaiton learned in a sequence recall is better for the beginning and ending items than for the middle items in the sequence. |
| primary effect | tendency to recall the first items in a sequence more readily than the middle items |
| recency effect | the tendency to recall the last items ina sequence more readily than those in the middle |
| anterograde amnesia | the inability to form long term memories of events occuring after a brain injury or brain surgery although memories formed before the trauma are usually intact and short term memory is unaffected |
| retrograde amnesia | A loss of memory for experiences that occurred shortly before a loss of consciousness. |
| H.M. | has retrograde and anterograde amnesia |
| encoding failure | a cause of forgetting that occurs when information was never put into long term memory |
| decay theory | the oldest theory of forgetting which holds that memories if not used fade with time and ultimately dissapear altogether |
| interference | a cause of forgetting that occurs becuase information or associations stored either before or after a given memory hinder the ability to remember it |
| consolidation failure | any disruption in the consolidation process that prevents a long term memory from forming |
| motivated forgetting | forgetting through suppression or repression in an effort to protect oneself from material that is painful, frightening, or otherwise unpleasent |
| Prospective forgetting | Not remembering to carry out some intended action |
| retrieval failure | Nor remembering something one is certain of knowing |
| Schema | Framework of knowledge and assumption that we have about people, objects, and events |
| Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon | the experience of knowing that a particular piece pf information has been learned but being unable to retreive it. |
| Alzeihmers | widespread degeneration of brain cells |
| misinformation effect | Erroneous recollections of witness events that result from information learned after the fact |
Created by:
grae6914
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