early detection without improved outcome

individuals have positive results on a screening test but do not turn out to have the disease

those who have negative results on the screening test but turn out to have the disease

sequential testing (two-stage testing)

screenings that require two or more tests

epidemiological transition

the transition from communicable disease to noncommunicable disease as a country becomes more developed

tests on individuals who are asymptomatic

multiple risk factor reduction

this strategy intervenes simultaneously in a series of risk factors all of which contribute to a particular outcome, such as lung cancer

concept that combines issues of benefits and harms with issues of financial costs

implies that benefits are substantially greater than the harms even after the value

gene-environment protection

genetic testing that identifies individulas who are especially likely to develop disease when they experience specific environmental exposures, such as workers who are exposed to low dose chemicals

incorporates efforts to prevent the occurrence of single genes or multiple gene combinations that are likely to produce disease

genetic detection prior to disease

includes efforts aimed at detection of genetic defects and implementation of early intervention to prevent phenotypic expression of genes. Managed during childhood.

phenotypic expression of genes

when bad genetics show up in children

genotypic-based screening for early disease

identifies groups that are at high risk of common disease and that can be targeted for screening.

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Intro to ph ch6

vocab

Question	Answer
asymptomatic	without symptoms
lead-time bias	early detection without improved outcome
false positives	individuals have positive results on a screening test but do not turn out to have the disease
false negative	those who have negative results on the screening test but turn out to have the disease
sequential testing (two-stage testing)	screenings that require two or more tests
epidemiological transition	the transition from communicable disease to noncommunicable disease as a country becomes more developed
screening	tests on individuals who are asymptomatic
multiple risk factor reduction	this strategy intervenes simultaneously in a series of risk factors all of which contribute to a particular outcome, such as lung cancer
cost-effectiveness	concept that combines issues of benefits and harms with issues of financial costs
net-effectiveness	implies that benefits are substantially greater than the harms even after the value
gene-environment protection	genetic testing that identifies individulas who are especially likely to develop disease when they experience specific environmental exposures, such as workers who are exposed to low dose chemicals
genetic prevention	incorporates efforts to prevent the occurrence of single genes or multiple gene combinations that are likely to produce disease
genetic detection prior to disease	includes efforts aimed at detection of genetic defects and implementation of early intervention to prevent phenotypic expression of genes. Managed during childhood.
phenotypic expression of genes	when bad genetics show up in children
genotypic-based screening for early disease	identifies groups that are at high risk of common disease and that can be targeted for screening.

Created by: tmhenderson@fuse.net

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