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Chp11-12 KEYFACTjamd
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atoms | all things around us are made of atoms. |
| Parts of an atom | Nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons |
| Protons | positive charge |
| Neutrons | no charge |
| Charges | an electrical property(attracted to opposites +,-) |
| Electrons | particles that move around the area outside of the nucleus(move in orbits) |
| Mass | the mass of an electron is smaller than the mass of a proton of neutron. |
| Electron Cloud | makes up most of the volume of an atom |
| Subatomic Particles | electrons, protons, and neutrons |
| PROTON | positive charge, +, Found in the nucleus. |
| NEUTRON | neutral charge, 0 or n, found in the nucleus |
| ELECTRON | negative charge, -, found in electron cloud surrounding the nucleus |
| Element | a substance that cannot be broken down any further to make another substance by ordinary chemical means. |
| Pure Substance | matter that has the same chemical composition throughout and cannot be separated into parts by physical means. |
| Examples of Naturally Occurring Elements | Carbon, Oxygen, gold, Silver, Iron.(about 90 elements are found natural) |
| Molecule | a group of two or more atoms held together by very strong chemical bonds |
| Molecular bonds | form between atoms that share electrons. |
| Compounds | pure substances made up of two or more different elements that are chemically joined |
| Combustible | cannot burn |
| Chemical Formulas | represent/identify elements, molecules, and compounds. |
| Mixtures | forms when substances are combined in a physical way(do not change or combine chemically) |
| Mixture Facts | can exist in all states of matter, air is a mixture of gases, alcohol and water is a mixture of two liquids. They can be separated unlike molecules and compounds |
| Separating Mixture Procedures | evaporating, dissolving, magnetic separation, filtering, screening9seperation by particle size) and others. |
| Periodic Table of Elements | presents and organizes information about all the elements. It is a chart that arranges the elements by their properties or characteristics. |
| Element Box | contains the atomic number, symbol, name, and average atomic mass. |
| Atomic Number | identifies the number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of an element. It also determines the identity of the elements. |
| Atomic Mass | is given in atomic mass units, amu. It is the number that shows the protons the neutrons. |
| Model | a way to show an object of idea. |
| Period | the horizontal row in the periodic table.(#1-7) |
| Group | vertical column in the periodic table(#1-18) |
| Metals | located to the left of the dark step like line starting in group 13 and ending in group 16 |
| Nonmetals | elements in group 17 and 18 and some in groups 14, 15, and 16. |
| Chemical Property | a characteristic that determines how a substance will interact with other substances during a chemical reaction |
| Reactivity | describes how likely an element is to react and form bonds with other elements. |
| Ion | an atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| Inert | unable to chemically react |
| Alkali Metals | the elements in group one of the periodic table; they are the most reactive metals; their atoms have two electrons in their outer layer |
| Alkaline-earth Metals | the elements in group two of the periodic table; they are reactive metals but are less reactive than alkali metals; their atoms have two electrons in their outer level |
| Transition Metals | the elements in groups 3-12; 1 or 2 electrons in the outer level; less reactive than alkaline-earth; they and good conductors of thermal energy and electric current and they have higher densities and melting points except for mercury in groups 1 & 2 |
| Boron Group | this group contains one metalloid and four metals; 3 electrons in the outer level and is reactive; it is a solid at room temperature |
| Nitrogen Group | contains 2 non-metals, 2 metalloids, and one metal; there are 5 electrons in the outer level; reactivity varies among the elements; all but nitrogen are solid at room temperature |
| Oxygen Group | contains 3 nonmetals, one metalloid, and one metal; contains 6 electrons in the outer level; all reactive; all but oxygen are solid at room temperature |
| Halogens | the elements in group 17 of the periodic table; they are very reactive NONMETALS and their atoms have 7 electrons in the outer level |
| Noble Gases | the UNREACTIVE elements in group 18 of the periodic table; their atoms have 8 electrons in the outer level (except for helium which has two electrons) |
| Hydrogen | is placed above group one in the periodic table; Hydrogen has one electron in the outer level; it is very reactive; it is colorless, odorless gas at room temperature, low density, and reacts explosively with oxygen |
Created by:
PhySciLewis1
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