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PTA118patho MS quiz1
pathology Musculoskelatal system quiz 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a fracture | defect or crack in bone |
| what is a dislocation? | a complete loss of joint integrity |
| what is a subluxation? | a partial disruption of the join integrity |
| what is a contusion? | traumatic bruise of tissues into muscles and tendons |
| what is a hematoma? | swelling due to a broken blood vessel resulting in a tender hardened knot |
| what is eccymosis? | a superficial bruise just under the skin |
| another name for repetitive stress injuries is | CTD cumulative trauma disorders |
| a sprain damages what tissue? | ligament |
| a strain damages what tissue? | musculotendons |
| what is bursitis? | inflammation of a bursa/ea |
| a fracture caused by sudden impact is? | traumatic |
| a fracture from stress or fatigue is a? | stress fracture |
| a fracture from a disease is called a? | pathologic fracture |
| a fracture resulting in exposed bone is a? | open fracture |
| a fracture resulting in complete separation of a bone but not breaking the skin is called a? | closed fracture |
| a fracture where tendons pull on bone an a chunk of bone is pulled off is called a? | avulsion fracture |
| a fracture in which the bones no longer meet is called at? | displaced fracture |
| a fracture where the bones are seperated but still meet is called a ? | non-displaced fracture |
| a fracture that results in a horizontal line across the bone is called a? | transverse fracture |
| a fracture that results in a diagonal line across the bone is called a? | oblique fracture |
| a fracture that is diagonal and rotates along the bone is called a? | spiral fracture |
| a fracture in which the bone is splintered into fragments is called a ? | commuted fracture |
| a fracture that goes across or diagonal across the bone AND has multiple segments is called a? | segmental fracture |
| a fracture commonly seen in vertebra and cracks along the long axis of the bone is called a | compression fracture |
| a fracture commonly seen in young children and results in half the bone being splinter and the other half partially bent is called a ? | green stick fracture |
| a fracture along the distal MCP is called a | boxer's fracture |
| a fracture that happens usually in elderly and during a hand displaced fall along the distal radio-ulnar joint is called a ? | colles fracture |
| a fracture resulting in the bone wedging into itself is called a | impacted fracture |
| name 5 clinical manifestations of fractures. | pain, edema, loss of mobility, eccymosis, deformity |
| name 5 procedures for identifying fractures | X-ray, CT scan, Bone density scan, palpation, vibration testing |
| name the 5 stages of fracture healing | hematoma, cellular proliferation, callus formation, ossification, consolidation |
| what stage of fracture healing happens where clinical signs are 48-72 hours s/p, clotting fibrin network, capillary buds around bone ends? | hematoma formation |
| what stage of fracture healing does osteogenic cells invade and form fibrocartilage around fracture site? | cellular proliferation |
| what stage of fracture healing is fibrocartilage ends of bones unite? | callus formation |
| what stage of fracture healing is cartilage replaced by bone and osteoblasts move into the site? | ossification |
| what stage of fracture healing is excessive bony callus resorbed and bone remodels to stress? | consolidation |
| what is a child's normal healing time? | 4 to 6 weeks |
| how long is an adolescents fracture healing time? | 6 to 8 weeks |
| how long is an adults healing time? | 10 to 18 weeks |
| symptoms of extreme pain, decreased motor functioning, burning, paresthesias, DIMINISHED REFLEXES from extreme swelling result in? | compartment syndrome |
| symptoms of dyspnea, chest pain, diaphoresis, pallor, cyanosis, rash on anterior chest/neck/axillae/shoulders and change in behavior are from a? | fat embolism |
| DVT, PE, pneumonia and constipation are complications from? | immobilization |
| poorly vascularized bone, delayed union, Mal-union, nerve damage, infection and adhesions are complications to what type of healing? | fracture |
| promotion of callous formation, minimize pain, maintain proper alignment, prevent infection, maintain strength, maintain ROM, maintain circulation, minimize edema and promote independence are what types of goals? | Physical Therapy Goals |
| early controlled WB activities and electrical stimulation do what for PT goals of fracture healing? | promote callous formation |
| application of PT agents and mechanical modalities do what for PT goals of fracture healing? | minimize pain |
| splints, slings, traction, supportive and adaptive devices do what for PT goals of fracture healing? | maintain proper alignment |
| universal precautions, skin monitoring and wound care do what for PT goals of fracture healing? | prevent infections |
| isometric, ROM and electrical stimulation do what for PT goals of fracture healing? | maintain strength |
| early, gentle, controlled ROM does what for PT goals of fracture healing? | maintain ROM |
| muscle pumping, isometric exercises and aerobic conditioning does what for PT goals of fracture healing? | maintain circulation |
| a slow progressive degeneration of joint structures from age, trauma, infection is what kind of disease? | osteoarthritis |
| a chronic inflammation of systemic joints and organs , usually higher in females and possibaly of immunologic relationship is called? | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| an inflammatory disease higher in young males, usually involving the lumbar spine and results in the discs stiff or stenosis joints is called? | akylosing spondylitis |
| a disease that effects the inter vertebral discs and results in a loss of fluid, usually by repetitive overloading, improper body mechanics is called? | degenerative disc disease |
| a collection of signs/symptoms is called a? | syndrome |
| a reactive arthritic condition effecting the eyes, urinary tract and joints, usually with oozing eyes, painful urination and rashes that is most likely caused from a sexual etiology is called? | reiter's syndrome |
| an arthritic disease where joint/bone erosion from inflammation by psoriasis from a genetic predisposition, exacerbated by stress, hormones and over use is called | psoriatic arthritis |
| an arthritic condition where uric acid builds up in joint spaces causing discomfort, swelling and pain in the joint spaces is called | gout |
| what are the uric acid crystals called that build up in joint spaces causing gout? | tophi |
| inflammation of a tendon is called? | tendonitis |
| a condition marked by trigger points and hyper irritable skeletal muscle or fascia is called? | myofascial pain |
| a condition of diffuse pain, and stiffness of the shoulder girdle and hips, with signs of fever stiffness, limited function and general malaise is? | polymyalgia |
| a disease where bony lesions form around joints, has excessive bone growth and hard lumps within muscle tissue is called? | myositis ossificans |
| a disease where abnormal bone growth occurs around a joint caused from TBI or SCI is called | heterotopic ossificans |
| a bone mineral density scan of a a T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 is called | osteopenia |
| a bone mineral density scan of a T-score less than -2.5 is called? | osteoporosis |
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