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morris_ch4_APpsych
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consciousness | Our awareneess of various cognitive processes, such as sleeping, dreaming, concentrating, and making choices |
| Waking consciousness | Mental state that encompassess the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that occur when we are awake and reasonably alert |
| Altered state of consciousness | Mental state that differs noticeably from normal waking consciousness |
| Daydreams | Apparently effortless shifts in attention away from the here-and-now into a private world of make-believe |
| Circadian rhythm | A regular biological rhyth, with approx. 24 hour period |
| Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) | Cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus that recieves input from the retina regarding light and dark cycles and is involoved in regulating the biological clock |
| REM (Paradoxical) sleep | Sleep stage characterized by rapid eye movement and increased dreaming |
| Non-REM (NREM) sleep | Non-rapid-eye-movement stages of sleep that alternate with REM stages during the sleep cycle |
| Night terrors | Frightening, often terrifying dreams that occur during NREM sleep from which a person is difficult to awaken and doesn't remember content |
| Nightmares | Frightening dreams that occur during REM sleep and are remembered |
| Insomnia | Sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or remaining asleep throughout the night |
| Apnea | Sleep disorder characterized by breathing difficulty during the night and feeling exhausted during the day |
| Narcolepsy | Hereditary sleep disorder characterized by sudden nodding off during the day and sudden loss of muscle tone followong moments of emotional excitment |
| Dreams | Vivid visual and auditory experience that occur primarily during REM periods of sleep |
| Psychoactive drugs | Chemical substances that change moods and perceptions |
| Substance abuse | A pattern of drug use that diminishes the ability to fulfill responsibilities at home or at work or school, that results in repeated use of a drug in a dangerous situation or that leads to legal difficulties related to drug use |
| Substance dependence | A pattern of compulsive drug taking that results in tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, or other specific symptoms for at least a year |
| Tolerance | Phenomenon whereby higher doses of drug are required to preoduce its original effects or to prevent withdrawal symptoms |
| Withdrawal symptoms | Unpleasent phsycial or psychological effects that follow the discontinuance of a dependenceproducing substance |
| Depressents | Chemicals that slow down behavior or cognitive processes |
| Alcohol | Depressent that is the intoxicating ingredient in whiskey, beer, wine, and other fermented or distilled liquors |
| Barbiturates | Potentially deadly depressents, first used for their sedative and anticonvulsant properties, not used only to treat such conditions as epilepsy and arthritis |
| Opiates | Drugs, suchs as opium and heroin, derived from the opium poppy, that dull the senses and induce feelings of euphoria, well-being, and relaxation. Synthetic drugs resembling opium derivatives are also classified as opiates |
| Stimulates | Drugs, including amphetamines and cocaine, that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and produce feelings of optimisimm and boundless energy |
| Amphetamines | Stimulant drugs that initially produce "rushes" or euphoria often followed by sudden "crashes" and, sometimes, severe depression |
| Cocaine | Derived from the cocoa plant that, while producing a sense of euphoria by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system, also leads to anxiety, depression, and additive cravings |
| Hallucinogens | LSD, mescaline distotr visual / auditory perception |
| Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) | Hallucinogenic (psychedelic) drug that produces hallucinations and delusions similar to those occuring in a psychotic state |
| Marijuana | Mild hallucinogen that produces "high" often characterized by feelings of euphoria, a sense of well-being and swings in mood from gaiety to relaxation; may alson cause anxiety and paranoia |
| Placebo | Chemically inactive substance used for comparison with active drugs in experiments on the effects of drugs |
| Meditation | Various methods of concentration, reflection, or focusing of thoughts undertaken to suppress the activity of the sympathetic nervous system |
| Hypnosis | Trancelike state in which a person responds readily to suggestions |
Created by:
cahillb
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