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Stack #699705
Psychology Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| perceptual set | a mental predisposition to perceive on thing and not another |
| feature detectors | nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of a stimulus, such as shape, angle, and movement |
| sensory adaptation | diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation |
| difference threshold | the minimum difference between two stimulus required for detection 50 percent of the time |
| absolute threshold | the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time |
| top-down processing | information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations |
| bottom-up processing | analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information |
| perception | the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events |
| sensation | the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment |
| latent content | the underlying meaning of a dream |
| manifest content | remembered story line of a dream |
| REM rebound | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation |
| REM sleep | rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur |
| change blindness | failing to notice changes in the environment |
| inattentional blindness | failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere |
| selective attention | the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus |
| dual processing | the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious attacks |
| consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environments |
| action potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon |
| reflex | a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response |
| plasticity | the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by recognizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience |
| parasympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy |
| sympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations |
| inter-neurons | neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs |
| motor neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands |
| sensory neurons | neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord |
| neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons |
| theory | an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events |
| random assignment | assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance |
| operational definition | a statement of the learning procedures used to define research variables |
| naturalistic observation | observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation |
| independent variable | the variable whose effect is being studied in and experiment |
| hypothesis | a testable prediction often implied by a theory |
| experimental group | the group that is exposed to the treatment, in an experiment |
| dependent variable | the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable |
| control group | the group that is NOT exposed to the treatment, in an experiment |
Created by:
soul4rocknroll
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