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Psych Ch. 4 UMW
chapter 4 questions and answers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Phrenology got right | different parts of brain control different things |
| EEG | electrical activity inside brain |
| PET scan | injects radioactive glucose in brain, which allows scientists to see what’s going on |
| MRI | no radiation, magnetic and makes cells move and takes a picture |
| Dendrites | big arms, connect to other neurons and receive |
| Axon | road the info travels along |
| Myelin sheath | protects axon and speeds up neuron transfer (has nodes) |
| Myelinazation | finishes in mid 20s and gets slowly stronger |
| How neurons fire | neurons fire all or nothing |
| Acetylcholine | if blocked paralyzes, if too much causes spasms |
| Reuptake | when vesicles take in leftover neurotransmitters |
| Breakdown | little pacman eat chemicals |
| Dopamine | party chemical, stimulates release and blocks or reuptake, used to focus activities (cocaine, adherol) |
| Serotonin | Buddhist monk chemical, helps us to relax and improves mood(SSRIs, Prozak) |
| Spinal cord | carries sensory and motor info messages to body, controls reflexes, if breaks then you’re paralyzed |
| Medulla | in charge of autonomic functions if destroyed you die |
| Pons | while you’re sleeping these are active |
| Reticular formation | RAS reticular activating system, controls levels of alertness, if stops working then coma |
| Cerebellum | little brain, controls balance and movement, gracefulness, possibly focus |
| Thalamus | switch board, takes in senses and tells them where to go, if not working can go blind |
| Hippocampus | does memory, can’t create new memories if destroyed |
| Hypothalamus | internal regulation, regulates appetite, pleasure, and hot &cold |
| Olds and Milner | mice would hit lever for pleasure rather than eat |
| Amygdala | involved in emotions: fear and anger |
| Frontal lobe | reasoning and motor cortex at back planning |
| Parietal lobe | special reasoning in the middle of head, at edge, primary sensory cortex, processes senses |
| Temporal lobe | hearing, by ears |
| Occipital lobe | in back of head, sight |
| Understanding language | at top of temporal lobe called Weirnecke’s area, if destroyed can talk but they don’t make sense |
| Speaking language | in bottom of frontal lobe if destroyed can understand, but can’t speak, Brocas Aphasia |
| Phineas Gage | case showed us frontal lobe importance, hole through lobe, but his personality altered, and couldn’t control emotions, make judgments |
| Corpus callosem | connects brains, if cut they can’t communicate with one another |
| Synapse | entire site axon terminal, cleft, and covering membrane |
| Neurotransmitter | tiny molecules of chemical substances released from vesicles |
| Neurogenesis | production of new neurons from immature stem cells |
| Stem cells | immature cells that renew selves and have potential to be mature cells |
| Plasticity | brain’s ability to adapt in response to experiences |
| Endorphins | chemicals in nervous system involved in pain reduction, pleasure, and memory |
| Hormones | chemical substances secreted by glands, promote bodily growth, metabolism and digestion |
| Endocrine glands | internal organs that produce hormones and release into bloodstream |
| Melatonin | regulates daily biological rhythms |
| Oxytocin | hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth, facilitates ejection of milk during nursing & promotes attachment and trust in relationships |
| Adrenal hormones | involved in emotion and stress |
| Sex hormone | regulates development and functioning of reproductive organs |
| Cerebrum | largest brain structure, in upper part, divided into 2 hemispheres, in charge of sensory, motor and cognitive processes |
Created by:
lfalkens
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