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PSY 273
exam 1- ch 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genes | guides the formation of physical, behavioral, and psychological traits -alleles= specific form of a gene |
| genotype | exact genetic make-up ex: DNA biologists |
| phenotype | observational traits; which genotypes are expressed psychologists |
| Zygote | sperm (23 chromosomes) and ovum (23 chromosomes) fuse together (46 chromosomes) |
| Infertility | no success to have children after 12 months of trying (10%) - in vitro fertilization (30%) - hunyuan method (50%) |
| Sex Determination | -23rd pair of chromosomes (sex chromosomes) -female= XX -male= XY |
| Homozygous | alike alleles |
| Heterozygous | different alleles (dominant vs recessive) - only 1 allele expressed -both alleles expressed and intermediate characteristic is displayed - each allele if fully expressed (black and white) |
| Genetic Abnormalities | 1. genes that are inherited (most mental illnesses) 2. breakdown in genetic transmission; mutation |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | -inherited recessive gene -occurs in 1 out of 10,000 births - inability to break down amino acid phenylalanine -mental disorder, nervous system disorders |
| Sickle cell anemia | -inherited recessive gene -misshapen blood cells -lead to chronic anemia or death -predominantly in African Americans |
| Down Syndrome | -mutation - extra chromosome on the 21st pair -increase in frequency with mothers age |
| Klinefelter's Syndrome | -mutation -an extra X chromosome (XXY) -small testes, insufficient production of testosterone, sterile |
| Polygenetic Inheritance | most personality, behavioral, and psychological aspects of an individual derive from multiple genes -inheritance of quantitative traits |
| Monozygotic twins | -identical twins -single ovum divides and develops into two separate individuals |
| Dizygotic twins | -fraternal twins -occurs when 2 or more ova are fertilized at the same time |
| Kinship Studies | -compares the characteristics of family memebers a. twin studies-when dz and mz twins are compared b. adoption studies-compares children with their biological vs adoptive parents |
| Epigenesis or Epigenetics | -heredity and environment interaction -consequences of genetic instructions depends on the environment -environment influences which genes are expressed |
Created by:
km112908
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