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PSY412 Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Key People: Psychodynamic | Sigmund Freud - Psychiatrist |
| Structural theory | Psychodynamic - Topography of the mind - ID / EGO / SUPEREGO |
| Developmental theory - Psychodynamic | Psychosexual Stages - Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital |
| Psychodynamic - Unconscious theory | Hidden mental processes that cause emotionally-significant behavior |
| Psychodynamic - Defense Mechanisms | Anna Freud (dog drinking water from glass) Examples: Repression, Projection, Denial. Protects ID and unconscious |
| Psychodynamic | First systematized school of psychotherapy |
| Focused on unconscious processes | Pyshocdynamic |
| Interpersonal and Neo-Freudian Models - Associated people | Adler - Fromm - Horney - Sullivan |
| Adler | rejected stages of development, emphasized social interactions and said these cause cognitive maps that guide later interactions, conflicts lead to inferiority complex |
| Fromm | aggression comes from society, not internal drive |
| Horney | emphasized cultural factors like gender |
| Sullivan | interpersonal theory, early relationships shape views of self and persist over the life span |
| Humanism Proponent | Carl Rogers - Rejects catagories |
| Carl Rogers | Therapy as self-directed and opportunity for growth |
| Humanism Assumption #1 | People have actualizing tendency – automatically progress toward realizing full potential |
| Humanism Assumption #2 | Innate sense of right and wrong |
| Humanism Assumption #3 | Conditions of worth – restrictions that get in the way of actualizing potential |
| Humanism Therapy #1 | Client-centered therapy - became critical in later therapy methods |
| Humanism Therapy #2 | Nondirective – help to access own inner resources |
| Humanism Therapy #3 | Therapist factors: empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness - Key aspects of later therapy models |
| Humanism Influence #1 | Therapeutic alliance |
| Humanism Influence #2 | Nondirective – help to access own inner resources |
| Humanism Influence #3 | Motivational interviewing |
| Behaviorism People: | Wolpe, Eysenck, Watson, Skinner |
| Wolpe | treatment for war vets, based on lab research, yielded systematic desensitization |
| Eysenck | said psychoanalysis is not effective and that therapy should be based in science |
| Watson | can condition phobias |
| Skinner | behavior can be modified based on learning principles |
| Behavior Theories #1 | Focus on overt behavior and what maintains it |
| Behavior Theories #2 | Classical Conditioning - neutral stimulus along with a stimulus of some significance, the "unconditional stimulus. Drooling Dogs Bell |
| Behavior Theories #3 | Operant conditioning (antecedents, behaviors, consequences – reinforcement increase behavior and punishment decreases it) |
| Behaviorisms Influence | Behavior therapy, Systematic desensitization |
| Cognitive People | Beck / Ellis |
| Cognitive theory | Thoughts and beliefs influence emotions more than the events themselves |
| Cognitive Influences | When combined with behavioral techniques, very popular and effective Empirically supported for several disorders |
| Competence | Practice only within boundaries of their competence, based on education, training, professional experience |
| Informed consent | Obtain consent making sure that the individual fully understands what is happening. |
| Disclosure / Duty to Warn | Psychologists may disclose confidential information when mandated by law |
| Confidentiality | Primary obligation to take reasonable precautions to protect confidential information. |
| Hippocrates | 4 Humors |
| Socratic Questioning | method of getting someone to realize answer to question that they already know |
| Plato | 3 Levels of soul |
| Aristotle | Talking helps people get better |
| Pope innocent | 8 Malleus Malifacurum |
| Renaissance | Brought about Humanists - potential for positive |
| Johan Weyer | Humanism - mentally ill are not evil |
| Paracelsus | Biological approach - behavior is result |
| 18th-19th Century | Asylums as storage facility |
| Reform movement | Late 18th century, moral movement, removed chains, retreat as alternative to asylum |
| Benjamin Rush | US father of psychiatry - tranquilizer chair - hot / cold baths |
| Dorthea Dix | Campaigned for reformed human treatment, raised a lot of money, started 30 hospitals |
| Clifford Beers | National committee for mental hygiene, Edjucate public / reduce stigma - was once committed to institution |
| Galton | Measurement of individual differences- Social Darwinism + Eugenics. Measures for intelligence |
| Cattel | individual differences in reactions times - brought standardization - measure everyone same way |
| Emergence of scientific Psychiatry | Down: mental illness different than retardation, mental health issues can be caused by medical problems. |
| Kraepelin | Catagorized mental illness, proponent of classification |
| Charcot | Hypnotised Hysteria |
| Janet | Found people reported hidden trauma under hypnosis |
| Witmer | Research / Practitioner |
| Binet | Testing - Psych clinic in france- norm referenced test |
| WWII | Brought money to Psych |
| Stanford - Binet | Best used on children |
| Weschler | Wanted to measure adult intelligence - Adult IQ test |
| Projective | Rorshac - vague stimulus - interepret |
| MMPI | personality |
| Unique to Clinical Psych | Testing |
| Post WWII | Funding from Vets / Massive Growth in US |
| Shakow | Developed what Clinical Psych should look like, Practice + Research |
| Miami Beach | PSY.d proposed |
| California | Professional Schools started |
| Salt lake city | greater diversity in who was trained - research training for everyone - affiliation with university |
| Initial primary function of CP | Assessment |
| Certification = | Title |
| 50% of APA | CP |
| 90% of APA pres | CP |
| Violations of Ethics | Terminate membership / Notify governing bodies / local ethics board |
| Client Centered Therapy | Core components of todays therapy: Empathy / Unconditional Positive Regard / Genuineness - congruence |
| Client Centered Therapy showed | more important to therapy than a specific style (cog / psycho / behav / etc. ) |
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spicywafflefries
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