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Instrument Appendix
Instrument ranges and transpositions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nontransposing Instruments | These produce a sound that is the same as the written pitch, whose actual sound is "as written". |
| Transposing Instruments | These produce a sound other than the written pitch. The actual transposition is given. These have developed from traditions of the past. |
| Piccolo | One octave higher; d1 to b-flat 4. |
| Flute | As written; c1 to c3 |
| Oboe | As written; b-flat to e4 |
| English Horn | P5 lower than written; b to e3 |
| Clarinet in B-flat | M2 lower than written; e to e4 |
| Clarinet in A | m3 lower than written; e to e4 |
| Bass Clarinet | M9 lower than written; e to b3 |
| Bassoon | As written; BBB-flat to c2 |
| Contrabassoon | Octave lower; BBB-flat to c2 |
| Alto Saxophone | M6 lower; b-flat to f3 |
| Tenor Saxophone | M9 lower; b-flat to f3 |
| Baritone Saxophone | Octave +M6 lower; b-flat to f3 |
| Horn in F | P5 lower; F-sharp to c3 |
| Trumpet in B-flat | M2 lower; f-sharp to c3 |
| Trombone | As written; E to c2 |
| Euphonium | As written; E to d-flat 2 |
| Baritone (treble clef) | M9 lower; f-sharp to c3 |
| Tuba | As written; D to d1 |
| Xylophone | Octave higher; f to c4 |
| Marimba | As written; A to c4 |
| Orchestra Bells | Two octaves higher; g to c3 |
| Vibraphone | As written; f to f3 |
| Celesta | Octave higher; c to c3 |
| Violin | As written; e to c4 |
| Viola | As written; c to c3 |
| Cello | As written; C to c2 |
| Bass | Octave lower; F to g1 |
| Harp | As written; C-flat to g-sharp 4 |
| Guitar | Octave lower; e to a3 |