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PSYC160 CHAPTER 001
Introduction to Personality Psychology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
trait-descriptive adjectives | adjectives used to describe characteristics of people. 20k English words |
personality | set of psychological traits/mechanisms within individual, organized/relatively enduring, influence interactions with/adaptations to intrapsychic/physical/social environments |
psychological traits | describe ways in which people are different/similar from each other. psychologically meaningful/stable and consistent aspects of personality |
average tendencies | tendency to display certain psychological traits with regularity. |
psychological mechanisms | like traits, but refer more to processes of personality. e.g. information-processing activity with input, deicsion rule, and output |
within the individual | carries with himself/herself over time and from one situation to the next, somewhat stable/consistent |
organized and enduring | organized: mechanisms and traits are linked to one another in coherent fashion, contain decision rules that govern which needs are activated depending on circumstances enduring: generally consistent, particularly adulthood, and stable across situations |
influential forces | |
person-environment interaction | include perceptions (how we interpret), selections (choose situations to enter, friends, classes, etc), evocations (reactions we produce in others), and manipulations (intentionally attempt to influence others) |
adaptation | accomplishing goals, coping, adjusting, and dealing with the challenges and problems we face through life |
environment | |
human nature | |
individual differences | |
differences between groups | |
nomothetic | |
idiographic | |
domain of knowledge | |
dispositional domain | |
biological domain | |
intrapsychic domain | |
cognitive-experiential domain | |
social and cultural domain | |
adjustment domain | |
good theory | |
theories and beliefs | |
Scientific Standards for Evaluating Personality Theories (SSEPT) | |
Comprehensiveness | |
Heuristic Value | |
Testability | |
Parsimony | |
Compatibility and Integration across Domains and Levels |