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Psych Testing Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Verificationist Criterion of Meaning | a statement is meaningful if and only if it can be proven/disproven |
| Operational Definition | define something by specifying the physical operations necessary to measure it |
| Psychological Test Criteria | standardized procedures for sampling behavior describing it with categories scores operationalization of test |
| Standardization | design administration scoring : objectivity, normative sample, criterion sample |
| Intelligence test | measures ability in global areas to determine potential for scholastic work or certain occupations |
| Aptitude test | measures capability for relatively specific task or skill |
| Achievement test | measures degree of earning, success or accomplishment in a subject or task |
| Personality test | measures traits, qualities, or behaviors that determine individuality |
| Interest test | measures individual's preference for certain activities or topics to determine occupational choice |
| Attitude test | describe and count frequency of a behavior, identifying causes and consequences of behavior |
| Neuropsychological test | measures cognitive, sensory, perceptual, and motor performance to determine the extent, locus, and behavioral sequences of brain damage |
| Tests of maximum performance | cognitive, speed vs power |
| Tests of typical performance | objective vs projective |
| Tests as tools | specific purposes use (intended and unintended) and misuse |
| Tests as products | commercially marketed designed for popularity |
| Test uses | decision making : clinical, counseling, educational, occupational research self-understanding/development |
| Test User Qualifications | level a : nothing or bachelor's degree in related field level b : master's degree in psy/ed level c : doctorate and/or appropriate license |
| Ancient China | imperial civil service exams formal written exams 200 BCE on law, military affairs, geography, agriculture, finance Confucian classics exams (1300-1906) preliminary, district, final exams -inspired british and american systems |
| Lavatar and Physiognomy | 18th century based on the notion that we can judge the inner character of people from their outward appearance, especially the face |
| Gall and Phrenology | 18th century detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of character and mental abilities |
| Kraepelin | schizophrenia vs bipolar disorder emphasized sensation, attention, memory |
| Esquirol | mental illness vs mental retardation emphasize language phrases-single syllables-no speech |
| Fechner | psychophysics study of the relationship between stimulus intensity and detection of stimulus |
| Wundt | mental chronometry *founded first psychological lab in 1897 in Germany study of reaction time subtraction method |
| Ebbinghaus | memory tests individual difference are error? nonsense syllables maintenance rehearsal of a list of words |
| Sir Francis Galton | individual differences measuring intelligence: sensory acuity and motor speed public policy: eugenics methodical advances: correlation/regression, questionnaire technique |
| Kattell | student of Wundt and Galton individual differences in mental chronometry battery of 10 mental tests demonstrated that test results could predict academic performance Wissler found negative results |
| Alfred Binet | first modern intelligence test (1905) |
| Stern's ratio IQ | mental age / chronological age |
| Spearman's factor analysis and g | specific factors of primary mental ability |
| Terman's Standord-Binet test | 1916 Terman and associates revised 1905 test |
| Yerkes | army alpha and beta designed to segregate and eliminate mentally incompetent |
| Wechsler | WAIS, WIS deviation IQ : test taker are compared to others of different as well as the same age |
| Binet-Simon Scale | group children according to mental age, not chronological mental age / chronological age |
| Woodworth | personal data sheet 116 yes/no questions |
| MMPI | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory contrasted responses of normal and psychiatrically disturbed subjects |
| Rorschach | ink blots 10 participant revealed personality dimensions in what they described the inkblot as |
| Murray | TAT : Thematic Apperception Test) study normal personality picture shown and subject told to make up a story, being as dramatic as possible NAch (need for achievement) NAff (need for affiliation) |
| descriptive statistics | univariate : measure of central tendency (mean,median,mode), measures of dispersion (range,variance,standard deviation) bivariate : correlation coefficient, regression slope and intercept |
| inferential statistics | testing null hypotheses with p-values |
| Interpreting r | compare to other r statistics use reference standards : Cohen (1988) .1 small, .3 medium, .5 large testing for statistical significance squaring r (coefficient of determination) BESD (Binomial Effect Size Display) |
| BESD | (50r+50) interpretation: what percentage of people who are above average on X will also be above average on Y |
| Z scores | M=0, SD=1 how many standard deviations from average scores |
| T scores | M=50, SD=10 |
| IQ scores | M=100, SD=15 |
| SAT/GRE | M=500, SD=100 |
| ACT | M=20, SD=5 |
| Percentiles | percent of population beneath your score |
| Stanines | rated on a scale from 1-9 |
| Developmental scores (bad) | age and grade problems : interpolation/extrapolation, assumption of linearity and monotonicity, ordinal scale units, no implications for placement or expectations to hold kids to |
| Normative Samples | purposive vs incidental/convenience sample stratified random sampling strategies (divide into groups then randomly sample |
| Norms | by age, grade, other groups |
| Reliability coefficient | the ratio of true score variance to the total variance of test scores error is large, value is small unreliable test 0.0, reliable test 1.0 |
| Alternate form reliability | similar content and cover same range and level of difficulty between two tests |
| Split Half reliability | correlating the pairs of scores obtained from equivalent halves of a test administered only once to representative sample of examines |
| Interscorer reliability | sample of tests is independently scored by two or more examiners and scores for pairs of examiners are then correlated |
| Cronbach's coefficient alpha | arithmetic mean of all possible split half correlation measures internal consistency of split half's |
| Criterion-referenced test | used to compare examinees' accomplishments to a predefined performance standard basic academic skills most items similarly difficult |
| Expectancy tables | portray the established relationship between test scores and expected outcome on a relevant task |
| Classical test theory | test scores result from the influence of factors that contribute to consistency and inconsistency X=T+e |
| Pxx / Ox2 | correlation between two parallel tests |
| Rxx | will be estimate of Pxx, have to use two tests |
Created by:
korourke13
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