Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PSY266
Prelim 1 Exam Study Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the fundamental assumption of EP. *Essay Question | 1. Human mind is product of the evolutionary history of species. 2. Accepts neo-darwinian theory of evolution 3. Supports interactionist view on nature-nurture issue |
| Assumptions of the Standard Social Science Model (SSSM) | 1. Humans are born as blank slates. 2. Human behavior is infinitely malleable. 3. Culture is an autonomous force 4. Human behavior is determined by a process of learning. 5. Learning processes are general. SSSM = Environmental View |
| Tooby and Cosmides principles that define EP #1 | The brain is a physical system. It functions as a computer. Its circuits are designed to generate behaviors that is appropriate to our environmental circumstances. |
| Tooby and Cosmides principles that define EP #2 | Our neural circuits were designed by natural selection to solve problems. |
| Tooby and Cosmides principles that define EP #3 | Consciousness is just the tip of the iceberg, much of our mind is hidden from us. |
| Tooby and Cosmides principles that define EP #4 | Different neural circuits are specialized for solving different adaptive problems. |
| Tooby and Cosmides principles that define EP #5 | Our mind is adapted to deal with the problems faced by our hunter-gather ancestors in the Pleistocene period 10k-1M years ago. |
| Four criticisms of EP #1 | Everything is an adaptation |
| Four criticisms of EP #2 | EP is deterministic |
| Four criticisms of EP #3 | EP is reductionist(presents simpler explaination) |
| Four criticisms of EP #4 | EP is politically incorrect. |
| How is EP defined - 3 assumptions | the approach to psychology that used the theory of evolution and knowledge of human evolution to increase our understanding of human thinking, emotions and behavior. |
| 2 strong hyptothesis #1 *Essay | Specialized mental modules (SMMs) or (EPMs: Evolved psychological mechanisms) |
| 2 strong hyptothesis #2 *Essay | Mismatch Hypothesis: Some traits are not evolved to be well suited for living in modern world. |
| 3 types of causes #1 *Essay | proximate cause: immediate stimulus conditions that prompt a behavior |
| 3 types of causes #2 *Essay | structural cause: the physical structures of nerves, brain, muscles that enable a stimulus to prompt a behavior. |
| 3 types of causes #3 *Essay | ultimate cause: the adaptive functions of a behavioral trait that led to its selection in the course of evolution. |
| What are EPMs *Essay | Evolved Psychological Mechanism: inherited mental structure that helps to solve a particular type of of problem. APES = 4 criteria |
| Standard social science model (SSSM) John Locke | Tabula rasa / entirely nurture/environmental based |
| Human universals | Tendencies of thinking, emotion and behavior that are found in virtually all normal people in all cultures around the world |
| Human universal explanations | Based on evolved psychological mechanisms Cross cultural transmissions |
| APES | Adaptations - Problem specific- Efficient- Sufficient |
| Adaptations | EPMs are evolved adaptations inherited structures that promoted survival and reproduction. |
| Problem-specific | Designed to solve particular types of recurrent adaptive problems |
| Efficient | EPMs are efficient in terms of the time and effort and brain resources used to solve the types of problems for which they are specialized |
| Sufficient | Work adequately most of time, but don't always work perfectly |
| Naturalistic fallacy | whatever natural is good |
| EP means inflexible | EP is f(heredity x experience) |
| Proximate causes confused with ultimate causes. | Proximate cause and Ulitmate cause are not incompatible. Mother could say she loves the baby because its her baby(proximate cause) while love for baby is still an ultimate cause because it promotes success of species. |
| General purpose mind | Mind is not differentiated into specific use area's. |
| Darwin 2 main components #1 *Essay | heritable variation |
| Darwin 2 main components #2 * Essay | differential reproductive success |
| Evolution is just a theory | Theory is best known explanation. |
| Evolution is a random process | Mutations are random, but success of those mutations are not random |
| Inherited means inflexible | f(heredity x environment) |
| Evolution has goal or purpose | There is no goal |
| Current adaptations are optimally designed | Adaptations are best compromise |
| Human Evolution is finished | Evolution is ongoing process |
| What is a species | a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. Problem with species categories is ability to reproduce cannot be proven in extinct species. |
| What was the title of Darwin's book. | On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859 |
| Selfish Genes | Different way of thinking about EP. Almost giving specific genes a self awareness that leads them to reproduce. Can be expressed in kin selection where genes of family members contribute to success of same genes in descendent's |
| How does genotypic variation occure | Genotypic variation occurs when alleles are randomly sorted during sexual reproduction |
| Origin of homo sapians | Line descended from homo habilis 2.5m years ago (Africa) |
| Molecular clock | genes that exist outside of cell nucleus (Mitochondria) |
| Mitochondria | responsible for providing energy to cell. |
| Nuclear DNA vs Mitochondrial DNA | Exist in or out of cell nucleus |
| Mitochondrial | "Eve" only passed down through female line |
| Pan troglodytes | The common chimpanzee |
| Papio anubis | olive baboon - Matriarchal society, males leave to find other tribes |
| Pan paniscus | Bonobos (sex crazed) |
| False estrus | Thought to keep male permanently aroused / attached to female. Kept male in close proximity to help female survive. |
| Last common ancestor between chimp and human | 5-6m years ago |
| What percentage of DNA is shared with chimp. | 98.5% |
| 3 main hominine species | H. habilis > split > H. neanderthals + H. sapiens |
| Approximate date at which Homo Sapiens first appeared | 100-150m years |
| What was approximate date of agricultural revolution | 10k years |
| What evidence of human brain continued evolution | blank |
| Are humans still evolving | Yes, in terms of micro-evolution |
| EEA(environment of Evolutionary adaptiveness) - Pleistocene Era | the environment to which a species is adapted |
| Advantages of bipedalism | Ablility to carry young, Tool use/making . |
| Consequences of bipedalism | narrowing of hips(harder child birth), back problems. |
| Hunting hypothesis | is the hypothesis that human evolution was primarily influenced by the activity of hunting for relatively large and fast animals, and that the activity of hunting distinguished human ancestors - tool use |
| 3 parts of triangulation method | (I don't know) |
| Essential features of language that distinguish it from animal vocalizations. | Arbitrariness / Cultural Transmission / Displacement / Structure Dependence / Creativity |
| Arbitrariness | Languages us symbols that need bear no relationship to what is being discussed. The word "dog" does not have to sound like a dog. |
| Cultural Transmission | Languages are handed down from generation to generation. |
| Displacement | Language can refer to things that are not present in time or proximity. |
| Structure dependence | Fussiness about how words go together. |
| Creativity | Language is infinitely expressive |
| Pinker / Bloom | Argue that natural selection is only known mechanism that can produce the adaptive complexity we in language. |
| Pinker Bloom - vocal tract | Development of vocal tract must have had some advantages to offset danger of strangulation. |
| 3 parts of triangulation method | Fossil and archaeology records, ethographic of current/recent hunting and gathering, and comparative biology |
Created by:
spicywafflefries
Popular Psychology sets