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Section II
Infectious Diseases Therapeutics III
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Medications used to stop or slow the growth of specific microbes | Antimicrobial |
| Medications used to stop or slow the growth of bateria in the body | Antibacterial |
| Used to assess the magnitude of injury to immune system. Used to determine when to initiate therapy and monitor the effectiveness of HIV and AIDS treatment | CD4+ Count |
| disease constantly present in a population | Endemic |
| greater than normal number of cases of a disease in an area within a particular period | Epidemic |
| contamination of any body tissue and organ by an invading organism or foreign substance, such as a microorganism | Infection |
| Achieved by infection or vaccination | Active immunity |
| When immunity is transferred from an immune donor (mother to newborn) | Passive Immunity |
| The largest of the microorganisms | Protozoa |
| Flesh-eating disease or flesh-eating bacteria due to group A streptococcus | Necrotizing Fasciitis |
| Infection of the fluid around the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain. Often affects children and young adults | Bacterial Meningitis |
| Caused by a spirochete the 1st symptom is a rash, followed by flu like symptom. Will kill you | Lyme's Disease |
| Symptoms are red, tender spots under the skin of the fingers know as Osler's nodes. Also include fever, weakness and heart murmur caused by mouth bacteria that make a home on the cardiac valves | Endocarditis |
| a fever that happens to people 4 to 18 followed by streptococcal, or after untreated strep throat | Rheumatic Fever |
| Caused by pathogens S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and mycoplasma | Otitis Media |
| refers to pneumonia acquired in common places like school, work, or the gym | Community-acquired pneumonia |
| pneumonia acquired in medical facilities | Hospital-acquired |
| A type of pneumonia that occurs when foreign matter is inhaled into the lungs | Aspiration pneumonia |
| A pneumonia acquired in a any social environment | Nosocomial |
| Symptoms include skaing, chills, high fever, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a cough that produces thick, greenish or yellowish phlegm. | Pneumonia |
| A dry, non- productive cough may indicate a viral infection instead of bacteria | pneumonia |
| Microbes that can grow in the water of air-conditioning cooling towers and have been found to inhabit the water lines of many hospitals causes what? | Legionnaires Disease |
| C. difficileproduces toxins that cause diarrhea. C. difficile grows due to lack of competition. If diarrhea begins a few days after starting certain antibiotics, immediately contact the physician | Clostridium Difficile |
| Knownas the "silent" disease. Can lead to infertility, symptoms might occur 1 to 3 weeks after exposure | Chlamydia |
| Primary stage is a signle chancre sore that is firm, round, small and painless. Secondary is a rash and lesions, then can lay dormant for years. | Syphilis |
| Incubation period averages 3 weeks or 2 weeks to several months | Syphilis |
| The causative agent is Treponema Pallidum | Syphilis |
| Chills, fever, HA, fatigue, sinus pain, gastrointestinal upset, and general muscular aches. | Influenza |
| Measles appear as a macular rash, beginning on the face and spreading to the trunk and extremities. Highly contagious that progesses to pneumonia secondary bacterial infections, or encephalitis | Measles |
| An acute infection of the medulla oblongata, spinal cord, and nerves. Best known as a cause of paralysis however paralysis only affects less than 1% of infected. | Poliomyelitis |
| Relatively mild childhood disease. Chickenpox. Characterized by "itchy" vesicular lesions that become encrusted on the skin of the face, thorax, and back. | Herpes Variella-Zoster Virus |
| Caused by a human papilloma virus, sexually transmitted | Genital Warts |
| Vesicular lesions, "cold sores" or "fever blister" usually appear on the oral mucous membrane | Herpes Simplex Virus-1 |
| Caused by vesicular lesions, usually in the genital area, that are preceded by a prodromal burning sensation | Herpes Simplex Virus-2 |
| Symptoms are typicall malaise, HA, and low grade fever. Preced the development of the more specific signs of tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis, cervical lymph node enlargement and tenderness, and moderate to high fever | Monomucleosis |
| May lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome | HIV |
| An acute infectious disease that usually results in fatal encephalitis if left untreated | Rabies |
| These are responsible for a variety of infections worldwide. Those endemic to the U.S. are malariea, amebic dysentery, giardiases, and trichomoniases. | Protozoa |
| _____________ ___________ infections in immune-compromised patients are pneumocystis and toxoplasmosis | Common Portozoan |
| Symptoms are fever, confusion, and coma | Cerebral Toxoplasmosis |
| Caused by an mosquito that bites an infected human becoming a vector. The mosquito then bites an uninfected human and infects them with this disease | Malaria |
| Often co-infection with gonorrhea, resulting in a discharge that is frothy, greenish-yellow and characterized by a foul odor | Trichomoniasis |
| a protoza parasite that causes trichomoniases | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| These infest the lower intestinal region and colon and are often seen exiting the anus | Pinworms |
| These infest the upper intestinal region, usually causing abdominal symptoms, cramping, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting | Roundworms |
| Pinworms Roundworms hookworms whipworms | Nematodes |
| Lice live off the blood of the host | Pediculosis |
| Infections that are caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds | Fungal Diseases |
| Three groups of fungal diseases | superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic |
| ringworm of the face | Tinea barbae |
| ringworm of the scalp | Tinea capitis |
| Body ringworm | Tinea corporis |
| Ringworm of the groin | Tinea cruris or jock itch |
| Ringworm of the hand | Tinea manus |
| Ringworm of the foot | Tinea Pedis athlete's foot |
| Nail ringowrm, also known as onychomycosis | Tinea unguim |
| LInked to a range of health conditions and symptoms vary. Symptoms can include runny nose, itchy eyes, HA and dizziness | Molds |
| Can be spread throughout the body and involve any organ, but predominantly affects the central nervous system | Cryptococcus |
| Found worldwide in soil and on dired pigeon droppings | Cryptococcosis |
| An antibiotic that is effective against a large number and type of the most common bacteria and some other types of microorganisms | Broad spectrum antibiotic |
| An antibiotic that has a limited activity against a few specific microorganisms | Narrow spectrum antibiotic |
| Drug of choice for Neisseria gonorrhea and Neisseria meningitis | Ceftriaxone Sodium - Rocephin |
| Polymicrobial bacterial infections in immunocompromised patients | Cefepime - Maxipime |
| Used for persons allergic to penicillin SHOULD NOT BE USED IN CHILDREN AGE 18 & UNDER DUE TO THE POTENTIAL TO CAUSE TOOTH DISCOLORATION | Tetracyclines |
| Take on an empty stomach with no milk, antacides or iron preparations within 1 hour of this medication, avoid the sun | Tetracycline - Sumycin |
| This drug is most often used to treat acne | Minocycline - Minoclin |
| The agent prescribed for malaria prophylaxis, anthrax, tularemia, and the plague, rocky mountain spotted fever and inflammatory acne | Doxycycline - Vibramycin |
| treats bacterial infections including chronic bronchitis, acture sinusitis, community-acquired pneumonia | Telithromycin - Ketek |
| Side effects of this topical or injectable drug are ototoxicity, nephrotxoicity | Gentamicin - Garamycin |
| Used for bowel sterilization or wound irrigation | Neomycin - Mycifradin |
| Antibiotic for primarily gm bacterial infections; anthrax | Ciprofloxacin - Cipro |
| Topical for gm+ organisms including MRSA that treats Mercer, | Mupirocin - Bactroban |
| A drug that requires that you immediately notify the physician if diarrhea occurs | Clindamycin - Cleocin |
| Drug of choice for methicillin-resistant staph aureaus (MRSA) If drug is administered to quickly patient will go into red-man syndrome | Vancomycin - Vancocin |
| Must avoid tyramine containing foods May cause thrombocytopenia, pseudomembranous colitis | Linezolid- Zyvox |
| Antimicrobial used in urinary tract infactions, otitis media prophylaxis in children | Sulfisoxazole - Grantrisin |
| Must take with plenty of water, take until gone, avoid sunlight, refrigerate and shake well before using | Sulfisoxazole & Erythromycin Ethylscuccinate - Pediazole |
| An antimicrobial used in Urinary Tract Infections | Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim- Bactrim/Septra |
| May cause discoloration of urine (orange) or feces, take with food or milk NOT AN ANTIBIOTIC!! | Phenazopyridine - Pyridium |
| Drugs used for Antileprosy | *Rifampin -Rifadin *Dapson - Aczone *Thalidomide - Thalomid |
| Follow the STEP program | Thalidomide - Thalomid |
| Thalidomide | Thalomid |
| Dapson | Aczone |
| Rifampin | Rifadin Rimactane |
| Virus that is more likely to mutate | Type A |
| Virus less likely to mutate | Type B |
| The best prevention against influenza A & B | trivalent inactivated vaccine - Fluzone |
| Prevents and treats influenza | Amantadine - Symmetrel Oseltamivir -Tamiflu Zanamivir - Relenza |
| Amantadine | Symmetrel |
| Oseltamivir | Tamiflu |
| Zanamivir | Relenza |
| Acyclovir | Zovirax |
| Treatments for Herpes-2 | Acyclovir - Zovirax Valacyclovir - Valtrex |
| 1% solution for treatment of HSV-1, HSV-2, and vaccinia virus keratitis or keratoconjunctivitis | Trifluridine - Viroptic |
| Chronic hepatitis B and C are treated with an antiviral agent ____________________ and/or an immunmodulator______________ | Ribaviran, Abacavir Interferon, pegylated |
| Viruses transmitted by arthropods, rodent, or humans. Major symptoms are fever, malaise, HA, and hemorrhagic signs | Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers |
| Chemicals that kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living tissue | Antiseptic |
| Chemicals which destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on inanimate objects | Disinfectant |
| Sudsing base is used as a cleanser for surgical hand antisepsis, preoperative skin preparation, routine hand hygiene in halth-care personnel, and skin wound and general skin cleansing | Chlorhexidine Gluconate - Hibiclens |
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate | Hibiclens |
| The main mode of transimission is from the infected female anopheles mosquito Symptoms then progress to chills, fever, sweating, prostration, mild jaundice, swollen liver and spleen and anemia | Transmission of malaria |
| This drug has been implicated in cases of psychiatric illness, increased seizure activity and cardia conduction abnormalities | Mefloquine - Lariam |
| Mefloquine | Lariam |
| Used for post exposure to malaria, prophylaxis/treatment of other biological threats | Doxycycline = Vibramycin |
| Inactive form of E. Histolytica | Cyst |
| Active Form of E. Histolytica | Trophozoite |
| Symptoms include frequent watery stools containing blood or mucous, dehydration, fever, abdominal pain and cramping, and an enlarged and tender liver | Amebiasis |
| Phenazopyridine | Pryidium |
| Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim | Bactrim/Septra |
| Sulfisoxazole & Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate | Pediazole |
| Sulfisoxazole | Gantrisin |
| Linezolid | Zyvox |
| Vancomycin | Vancocin |
| Clindamycin | Cleocin |
| Mupirocin | Bactroban |
| Ciprofloxacin | Cipro |
| Levofloxacin | Levaquin |
| Neomycin | Mycifradin |
| Gentamicin | Garamycin |
| Telithromycin | Ketek |
| Azithromycin | Zithromax |
| Erythromycin Base | E-Mycin Ery-tab |
| Doxycycline | Vibramycin |
| Minocycline | Minocin |
| Tetracycline | Sumycin |
| Cefepime | Maxipime |
| Ceftriaxone Sodium | Rocephin |
| Cefotetan | Cefotan |
| Cefazolin | Kefzol Ancef |
| Ampicillin/Sulbactam | Unasyn |
| Amoxicillin and Potassium Clavulanate | Augmentin |
| Augmentin | Dynapen |
| Nafcillin | Unipen |
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