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Feldman DevPsy ch 2
The Start of Life: Prenatal Development
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| genes | basic unit of genetic information |
| DNA | substance that genes are composed of that determine the nature of every cell in the body and how it will function |
| chromosomes | rod shaped portion of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs |
| zygote | the new cell fromed by the process of fertilization |
| gametes | the sex cells from the mother and father that form a new cell at conception |
| ononzygotic twins | twins who are genetically identical |
| dizygotic twins | twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time |
| dominate trait | the one trait that is expressed when two competing traits are present |
| recessive trait | a trait within an organism that is present but not expressed |
| genotype | the underlying combination af genetic material present but not outwardly visible in an organism |
| phenotype | an observable trait |
| homozygous | inheriting from parents similar genes for a given trait |
| heterozygous | inheriting from parents different forms of a gene for a given trait |
| polygenic inheritance | inheritance in which a combination of multiple gene paris is responsible for the production of a particular trait |
| x linked genes | genes that are considered recessive and located only on the x chromosome |
| behavioral genetics | the study of the effects of heredity on behavoir |
| down syndrome | a disorder produced by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair (monoglism) |
| fragile X syndrome | a disorder produced by injury to a gene on the x chromosome producing mild to moderate mental retardation |
| sickel-cell anemia | blood disorder taht gets its name for the shape of the red blood cells in those who have it |
| Tay-Sachs disease | disorder that produces blindness and muscle degeneration prior to death, no treatment |
| Klienfetler's syndrome | disorder resultion from the presence of an extra chromosome that produces underdeveloped genitals, extreme height, and enlarged breasts |
| genetic counseling | discipline that focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited disorders |
| amniocentisis | the process of identifying genetic defects by examining a small sample of fetal cells drawn by a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn fetus |
| chorinic vilus sampling (CVS) | test used to find genetic defects that involves taking samples of hairlike material that surrounds the embryo |
| ultrasound sonography | process in which high frequency sound waves scan the mother's womb to produce and image of the unborn baby, whose size and shape can then be assessed |
Created by:
eestrand
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