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Psychopharm Neuro 2
detailed
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| indirect agonist | noncompetitive |
| monoamines | catecholamines and indolamines |
| catecholamines | dopamine and (nor)epinephrine |
| indolamines | serotonin |
| amino acids | glutamate, GAGA, glycine |
| agonism | facilitates effects of NT on postsyn cell |
| methods agonism | precursor/stimulate release of NT/stim of postsyn rec/block auto-rec/block reuptake/block degradation |
| methods of antagonism | prevent NT storage/inhibit NT release/block postsyn rec/deact synth enzyme/stim auto-rec |
| Acetylcholine | CNS/neuromuscular junction/excitatory |
| ACh made from | acetate and choline |
| ACh involved in | learning and memory/ mod sensory (arousal/mood/REM) |
| Cholinergic receptors (agonist=ACh) | muscarinic and nicotinic |
| muscarinic | blocked by atropine/metabotrophic/open or close K/CA/Cl |
| nicotinic | blocked by curare/ ionotrophic/KCACl |
| synthesis of ACh | acetate + choline = ACh + CoA / choline-rate limiting/from blood/ in syn terminals |
| ACh synthesis enzyme | ChAT |
| breakdown of ACh | cholinesterase |
| acetylcholinesterase | quick/efficient/antagonists- physo, organo |
| Cholinergic Pathways | neuromus=mvmt/pons=REM sleep/forebrain=learning/medial septal=hippocampus mod/striatal interneurons |
| terminal release vs axonal varicosity | contained vs diffused |
| ACh in disease | Myasthenia/Alzheimer's/Huntington's |
| Myathenia and ACh | loss of nicotine rec in muscle (motor) |
| Huntington'S and ACh | degen of striatal interneurons/motor and cognitive |
| Alzheimer's | sever cognitive/hippocampus and cortex |
| botulism | antaagonist to ACh |
| black widow spider venom | agonist |
| DA | dopamine |
| NE | Norepinephrine |
| Epi | Epinephrine |
| 5-HT | serotonin |
| Synthesis of Catecholamines | Tyrosine from diet/L-dope (BBB cross)/dopamine precursor for norepinephrine |
| Dopamine | IPSP or EPSP (location)/mvmt/att/learning/reinforcement/Park and Schizo |
| Dopamine Termination | reuptake by DAT/degr by MAO and COMT |
| dopamine receptors | D1-D5/1 and 2 most common |
| D2 | pre and post syn |
| D3 and D4 | subtypes of D2 in limbic areas |
| D5 | subtype of D1/ limbic/ stim adenylyl cyclase |
| Dopaminergic pathways | Nigrostriatal/Mesolimbic/Mesocortical |
| Nigrostriatal | SN to nigrostriatum/ Park/ motor |
| Mesolimbic | Ventral Tegmental Area to Limbic/ reinforcement |
| Mesocortical | VTA to prefrontal cortex/memory/ planning/problem solving |
| Norepinephrine | ANS/attention/ motor/affect/axonal varicosities (large amnts) |
| NE synthesis | dopamine to NE by dopamine beta-hydroxylase |
| NE termination | MAO/ reuptake by DAT |
| NE pathways | main originates in locus coeruleus/ to cerebellum/hippocampus/ amygdala/neocortex |
| NE receptors | adrenergic (NE and Epi)/beta and alpha 1 & 2/ all also found outside NS |
| NE beta 1 & 2 | increase responsiveness/agonistic |
| NE alpha 1 & 2 | depol/hyperpol |
| serotonin | 5-HT becomes serotonin/midbrain and brainstem/axonal varicosities |
| serotonin pathway | originates in raphe nucleus/ to cerebellum/limbic/ neocortex |
| serotonin functions | reg of mood/ sleep/eating / arousal/ pain |
| serotonin receptors | serotonergic/ |
| sero and fenfluramine | agonist (release) |
| sero and LSD | agonist |
| sero and PCPA | antagonist |
| sero and Fluoxetine | SSRI |
| Amino acid transmitters | I- GABA & Glycine / E- Glutamate/ Aspartic acid |
| Glutamate | breakdown of glucose/into glutamine for no effect/astrocyte reup |
| glutamate distribution | hippo cortex spinal |
| glutamate functions | cognitive/ motor/ toxicity/ plasticity |
| glutamate receptors | NMDA/AMPA/Kainate |
| NMDA | Ca ionotrophic |
| AMPA | Na iono/ most common |
| Kainate | Na metabo |
| NMDA sub | glycine/ Mg/ Polyamine/ Zn/ PCP |
| NMDA sub glycine | channel opening |
| NMDA sub Mg | Ca flow |
| NMDA to work | glutamate and glycine and mem depol (+) |
| GABA | glutamate to GABA by GAD/ breakdown by GABA- T |
| glycine | spinal cord |
| GABA receptors | GABA A and B |
| GABA A receptor | iontrophic/ Cl-/ common/ Benzo=red pain/barb/ alcohol/picrotoxins |
| GABA B receptor | metabo/K+ channel |
| GABA A distribution | cortex/ hippo/cerebellum |
| GABA B distribution | amygdala/valproic acid= schizo and bipolar |
| neuromodulators | peptide/ opiods/nucleotides/NO |
| peptides | amino acids linked/endogenous |
| opiods | pain relief |
| nucleotides | adenosine/inhib/ caffeine-antagonist |
| NO- nitric oxide | signaling molecule/learning/ degen |
Created by:
olgakaczma
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