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Psychopharm Neuro
Psychopharmacology (UNIT 4)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychopharmacology | study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior |
| What is a drug? | Exogenous/ not necessary for normal function/ alters the functions of cells in low amnts |
| A drug must | Have an effect (s)/ Have a site (s) of action |
| Pharmacokinetics | time course and movement of a drug |
| Processes of pharmacokinetics | Absorption/Distribution/Metabolism/ Elimination |
| oral admin | primary/ 1st gastrointestinal(liver before blood)upper int by passive diffusion/lipid solubility (membranes) |
| psychoactive drugs | weak acids/very lipid sol/ absorbed quickly/trapped in blood plasma/75 percent in 3 hrs/ less control |
| inhalation | recreation/quick/lungs are richly vascularized/straight to the brain/ |
| mucous membranes (nose and mouth) | cocaine |
| injections | iv/im/sc |
| iv | directly to brain/good control of speed,volume, concentration/dangerous |
| im | absorbed quickly in muscles |
| sc | rapid/ can cause irritation |
| distribution | circ system quickly |
| total blood volume | is circulated every minute |
| side effects | only a small amnt is in contact with receptors |
| drug also binds to | protein (less effective) & fat (long-term storage) |
| capillary walls | drug leaves through tiny pores |
| BBB | no pores/lipid sol |
| placental membrane | lipid sol cross easily |
| different membrane | different lipid solubility |
| one membrane | neuron/ mitochondria |
| several layers | skin/ vagina/placenta |
| single layer | intestines |
| selective permeability det by | diffusion/ pH/ chem comp of drug/ size |
| metabolism | in the liver |
| metabolites | less lipid sol/ stay in bloodstream |
| cytochrome p | enzyme family involved in drug metabolism (12) |
| changes in activity of cyps | some drugs inactivate/grapefruit juice |
| alcohol | does not have a half-life/ straight line down |
| elimination | kidney/ drug becomes more water sol as metabolized/ trapped in kidney and passed |
| pharmacodynamics | molecular (receptor) |
| receptor specificity | best chemical fit/ influences effectiveness |
| dose-response curve | s- shape |
| potency | amnt needed for effect |
| efficacy | max effect attainable |
| variability | ind diff |
| ED-50 | half of subjects see effect |
| LD-50 | half of subjects die |
| margin of safety | LD 50 minus ED 50 |
| therapeutic index | ratio of ED 50 to LD 50 |
| higher index | safer drug |
| why drugs vary in effectiveness | diff sites if action/ diff affinities for rec |
| alcohol and benzo or mari | very depressant |
| alcohol and other drugs | alcohol opens BBB/ aspartame =neurotoxin |
| alcohol and cocaine | increased half-life |
| alcohol and sex | increases risky behavior/ unwanted pregnancy |
| drug toxicity | allergies/ liver enzymes/kidney damage |
Created by:
olgakaczma
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