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Abnormal Chapter 3
Abnormal chapter 3 vocabulary
Question | Answer |
---|---|
systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in an individual presenting with a disorder | Clinical assessment |
process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets all criteria for a psychological disorder | Diagnosis |
Degree to which measurement is consistent | Reliability |
whether something measures what it is designed to measure | validity |
process by which a certain set of standards or norms is determined for a technique to make its use consistent across different measurements | standardization |
the systematic observation of an individual's behavior | mental status exam |
uses direct observation to formally assess an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behavior in specific situations or contexts | behavioral assessment |
when an individual observes their own behavior | self-monitoring |
assessment measures with ambiguous stimuli | projective tests |
tests that predict personality and can sometimes help to diagnose disorders | personality inventories |
score on an intelligence test estimating a person's deviation from average test performance | intelligence quotient (IQ) |
measures abilities in areas such as language, concentration, memory, motor skills, perception, and abstraction in a way that the clinician can make educated guesses about their performance and existence of brain impairment | neuropsychological test |
assessment error in which pathology is reported when none is actually present | false positive |
assessment error in which no pathology is noted when one is actually present | false negative |
ability to look inside the brain and take accurate pictures of its structure and function | neuroimaging |
a method for assessing brain structure and function and nervous system activity, refers to measurable changes in the nervous system that reflect emotional or psychological events | psychophysiological assessment |
measures electrical activity in the head related to the firing of a specific group of neurons which reveals brain activity; brain waves come from the low voltage current that runs through the neurons | electroencephalogram (EEG) |
determines what is unique about the individual's personality, cultural background, or circumstances, and allows clinician to tailor treatment to the person | idiographic strategy |
naming a problem and identifying a specific disorder for treatment | nomothetic strategy |
any effort to construct groups or categories on the basis of their shared attributes | classification |
classification in a scientific context | taxonomy |
applying taxonomic system to psychological or medical phenomena | nosology |
describes the names/labels of disorders that make up nosology | nomenclature |
assumption that every diagnosis has a clear underlying pathophysiological cause, and each disorder is unique | classical categorical approach |
notes the variety of cognitions, moods, and behaviors with which the patient presents and quantify them on a scale | dimensional approach |
identifies certain essential characteristics of an entity so that one can classify it but also allows certain non-essential variations that do not change the classification | prototypical approach |
extent to which the disorder would be found among the patient's relatives | familial aggregation |
when an individual is diagnosed with more than 1 disorder | comorbidity |
applying a name to a phenomenon or behavior pattern. may acquire negative connotations or may be applied erroneously to the person rather than their behaviors | labeling |