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Respiratory Terms
General Terms and definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cyanosis | A bluish discoloration of the tisue |
| phlegm | Mucus from the tracheobronchial tree that has not been contaminated by oral secretion |
| crackles | airflow causes movement of excessive secretions or fluid in the airways |
| tachy | Abnormally elevated |
| subcutaneous | Beneath the skin |
| Tachycardia | a condition in which the pulse rate exceeds 100 beats/minute |
| sputum | Mucus from the respiratory tract that has passed through the mouth |
| brady | Abnormally decreased |
| adventitious lung sounds | abnormal lung sounds susperimposed on the basic underlying breath sounds |
| Bradycardia | a condition in which the pulse rate is less than 50 beats/minute |
| pedal edema | swelling of the lower extremities |
| cough | one of the most common symptoms seen in patients with pulmonary disease |
| orthodeoxia | oxygen desaturation on assuming an upright position |
| orthopnea | dyspnea is present only when the patient assumes the reclining position |
| platypnea | shortness of breath in the upright position |
| hypothermia | a body temperature bbelow normal |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood from the gastrointestinal tract |
| diastolic pressure | force in the major arteries remaining after relaxation of the ventricles |
| systolic pressure | peak force exerted in the major arteries during contraction of the left ventricle |
| hypotension | blood pressure less than 95/60 mm Hg |
| kussmaul's sign | under abnormal conditions the JVP may rise during inhalation |
| brochophony | an increase in the intensity and clarity of vocal resonance produced by enhanced transmission of vocal vibrations |
| bradypnea | slow respiratory rate |
| postural hypotension | individuals sit or stand up have an abrupt fall in the blood pressure in hypovolemic patients |
| pulsus paradoxus | a significant decrease in pulse strength during spontaneous inhalation |
| stridor | loud high-pitched sound which sometimes can be heard without a stethoscope |
| jugular venous distention | jugular vein is enlarged and it can be seen more than 3 ot 4 cm above the sternal angle, most common cause is right sided heart failure |
| fetid | sputum that is foul smelling |
| syncope | fainting |
| hypertension | blood pressure is persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg |
| purulent | sputum that contains pus cells |
| Pulsus alternans | an alternating succession of strong and weak pulses (suggests left sided heart failure) |
| Diaphoresis | sweating |
| tachypnea | abnormally high respiratory rate |
| hemoptysis | coughing up blood or blood-streaked sputum from the lungs |
| dyspnea | shortness of breath as perceived by the patient |
| febrile | Temperature elevation caused by disease is called fever and is said to be febrile |
| Fever | an elevated body temperature due to disease |
| tripodding | a patient sits upright while bracing his or her elbows on a table |
| sensorium | patients orientation to time, place, and person |
| hyperthermia | a body temperature above normal |
| pulse pressure | pulse strength or amplitude |
| lymphadenopathy | enlarged lymph nodes |
| barrel chest | abnormal increase in AP(Anterior posterior) diameter |
| retractions | intermittent sinking inward of the skin overlying the chest wall during inspiration |
| kussmaul breathing | patients with diabetic ketoacidosis often breathe with a deep and rapid pattern |
| hoovers sign | contraction of a flat diaphragm tend to draw in the lateral costal margins instead of expanding them |
| abdominal paradox | recognized by inward movement of the anterior abdominal wall during inspiratory efforts and is seen best with the patient in the supine position |
| respiratory alternans | pattern of breathing in which the patient alternates between having the accessory muscles dominate for a brief period (a few minutes) followed by a period in which the accessory muscles rest and the diaphragm takes over |
| vocal fremitus | refers to the vibrations created by the vocal cords during speech |
| tactile fremitus | vocal vibrations are felt on the chest wall |
| subcutaneous emphysema | air leaks from the lung into subcutaneous tissues, fine air bubbles produce a crackling sound and sensation when palpated |
| adventitious lung sounds | added sounds or vibrations produced by the movement of air through abnormal airways |
| wheeze | continouse type of ALS |
| heave | systolic thrust that is felt and possibly visualized near the lower left sternal border |
| thrills | palpable vibrations |
| gallop rhythm | the patient with heart disease who has an S3 and S4 |
| murmurs | when the heart valves are incompetent or stenotic |
| pulse deficit | the apical rate is higher than the peripheral pulse |
| hepatomegaly | enlarged liver |
| clubbing | painless enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes which develop over time |
| adrenergic | drug that stimulates a receptor responding to epinephrine or norepinephrine "Sympathetic" |
| antiadrenergic | drug that blocks a receptor for epinephrine or norepinephrine "parasympathetic" |
| cholinergic | drug that stimulates a receptor for acetylcholine "parasympathetic" |
| anticholinergic | drug that blocks a receptor for acetylcholine receptors specifically at parasympathetic nerve ending sites |
| muscarinic | drug that stimulates acetylcholine receptors specifically at parasympathetic nerve ending sites |
Created by:
murphyismyname
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