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AntiparasiticDrugs

lecture 32 goodman

QuestionAnswer
mebendazole (Vermox) used to treat pinworm, whipworm, hookworm & roundworm infections; single oral dose sufficient; inhibits microtubule assembly and blocks glucose uptake by nematodes
ivermectin (Stromectol) first choice tx for threadworms & filariases including Onchocerca, single oral dose with few side effects; from Streptomyces, broad-spectrum, agonist of Glu-gated Cl channels that leads to worm paralysis
praziquantel (Biltricide) first choice tx against wide spectrum of cestodes and trematodes; causes muscular paralysis via Ca++ influx and vacuolization of organisms; costliness limits use
pinworm infections very prevalent in the US among school-aged children --> nocturnal perianal pruritis and vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls
alternative therapy if mebendazole not an option pyrantel pamoate or albendazole
trichinosis tx prednisolone + MEBENDAZOLE (or albendazole)
chloroquine tx of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium, concentrates in food vacuoles that store polymerized heme. blockage leads to non-polymerized heme build-up and kills cell
quinine sulfate (+) doxycycline = preferred tx for chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium or complicated malaria
mefloquine drug for tx of choloroquine-resistant Plasmodium, unk mechanism, side effects: hallucinations, manic behavior and AMS
atovaquone + proguanil (Malerone) synergistic duo used for prophylaxis or tx of acute, uncomplicated Plasmodium infection; atovaquone is a broad-spectrum antiprotozoal drug that inhibits mitochondrial ETC's cytochrome bc1 channel. proguanil is DHFR inhibitor
iodoquinol mainstay drug for asymptomatic and mild intestinal infections with amoebae
metronidazole used for Trichomonas, amoebae and Giardia infections; autooxidation generates free raicals that degrade organism's DNA and other molecules; very well absorbed in the gut, must be combined with a luminal drug for amoebal infection
Toxoplasma tx sulfonamides
Created by: sirprakes
Popular Pharmacology sets

 

 



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