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Vital Signs Lab Test
Flash Cards for Vital Signs Competency
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When do you count a patient's pulse or respiration for a full minute? | When irregularities are present |
| What is one breath cycle? | one inspiration, one expiration |
| How much mmHg above a patient's usual readings do you pump? | 30 |
| If you let too much air out, what do you do? | DO NOT attempt to pump it back up, let the air out and switch to other arm to repeat |
| What happens if you let air out too slowly? | Your pressures may be false and/or your patient's circulation may be cut off (fingers and arm will hurt) |
| What speed should you let air out? | Maintain a slow but steady pace, which will enable you to hear the first beat |
| While performing blood pressure maneuver, what should you be doing? | Listening for the sound AND watching the monometer |
| Four helpful items from medical record | Recent diagnostic tests, past medical history, patient's culture, education level, CHECK PREVIOUS VITAL SIGNS |
| Normal Heart Rate for adults | 60 bpm to 100 bpm |
| Bradycardia | A heart rate <60 |
| Tachycardia | A heart rate >100 |
| If the HR of a patient changes by ___, we need to determine the underlying issue | +/- 20 beats |
| Everyday situations that increase HR | stress, anxiety, pain, exercise, caffeine |
| What is first clinical sign of hypoxemia in an adult | > heart rate |
| What your patient develops tachycardia, assess for signs of... | hypoxemia, postop pain, stress, hypoxemia |
| Pulse Rhythm | Regular or Irregular |
| Pulse Quality | weak, thready, bounding, strong (how it feels to the touch) |
| Two reasons why you may not be allowed toa ccess brachial or radial pulses on one side of the patient | Mastectomy, Shunt for dialysis |
| Pulsus Paradoxus | Pulse changes btw inspiration and experation |
| What kind of patients have pulsus paradoxus | COPD |
| What is Pulsus Alternans | strong then weak pulse |
| What kind of patients may experience Pulsus Alternans | left ventricular heart failure |
| What is the normal RR for an adult | btw 8 and 20 |
| bradypnea | RR <8 |
| tachypnea | RR > 20 |
| What is the muscle of respiration called? | diaphragm |
| Five Accessory Muscles | Sternocleidomastoid, Scalene, Trapezius, Intercostals, Pectoralis Major |
| Orthopnea | when laying down and can't breathe |
| Orthopnea may be a symptom of what disease? | Left ventricular heart failure |
| What is Platypnea | sitting up and can't breathe |
| Platynea may be a symptom of what disease | COPD |
| What is Pleurodynia | Pain in pleural cavity |
| Pleaurodynia may be a symptom of what disease | pleuracy |
| Describe pursed lip breathing | Short inspiration, long expiration thru pursed lips |
| What kind of patients develop pursed lip breathing involuntary and may be taught in pulmonary rehab | COPD |
| How does pursed lip breathing help these patients | pursing lips on expiration creates back pressure which may help open the obstructed lung |
| What are sternal retractions | "sinking in" or "caving in" of the sternum |
| Describe what you see when a healthy patient takes a deep breath | Chest (sternum) moves outward, abdomen moves inward |
| Abdominal paradox | Chest/sternum retracts and abdomen protrudes when patient attempts a deep breath |
| Name one traumatic event that can cause this paradoxical breathing pattern | Broken ribs with collapsed lung (pneumothorax" |
| What is a sign of respiratory distress in infants | nasal flaring, grunting (babies breathe through nose at birth) |
| What is correct term for a blood pressure cuff? | sphygmomanometer |
| Top number | systole |
| bottom number | diastole |
| What can't you put aneroid manometer on the table to make it easier to see? | must be level with heart |
Created by:
kcrone0005
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