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Resistance Ex
Ch. 6 of Therapeutic Exercise 5th Ed. by Kisner & Colby
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscle performance | the capacity of a muscle to do work (force x distance) |
| resistance exercise | aka: resistance training; any form of active exercise where a dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically |
| 3 elements of muscle performance | strength, power, endurance |
| muscle strength | ability of contractile tissue to produce tension & a resultant force based on the demands placed on the muscle |
| functional strength | ability of neuromuscular system to produce, reduce, or control forces during functional activities in a smooth, coordinated manner |
| strength training | aka. strengthening exercise; systematic procedure of muscle(s) to lift, lower, or control heavy loads for a low # of reps OR over a short period of time |
| muscle power | RATE of performing work; contraction produces a resultant force |
| 2 types of muscle power | anaerobic (high intensity, single burst) & aerobic (less intensity, repeated bursts) |
| power training | enhance power by: increasing the work required during a time frame OR reducing time required to produce force |
| muscle endurance | aka. local endurance; ability to contract repeatedly against load, generate & sustain tension, & resist fatigue over extended period of time |
| endurance training | low intensity muscle contractions (low load), large # of reps, prolonged period of time |
| benefits of resistance exercise | (box 6.1) enhanced muscle performance, increased strength of CT, greater bone mineral density, decreased stress on joints, less risk of soft tissue injury, better balance, etc. |
| overload principle | muscle must be challenged to perform at a level greater than which it is accustomed |
| what is incrementally increased & progressively in STRENGTH TRAINING? | amount of RESISTANCE |
| what is incrementally increased & progressively in ENDURANCE TRAINING? | TIME of sustained muscle contraction OR the # OF REPS |
| SAID Principle | [Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands]helps determine parameters of exercise to best meet goals |
| specificity training | exercises should mimic anticipated function as much as possible {consider mode, velocity, & joint angle} |
| transfer of training | aka: overflow or cross-training; carryover of training effects from 1 exercise/task to another |
| reversibility principle | "use it or lose it" / muscle performance reduction begins 1 - 2 weeks after quitting resistance exercises, continues until training effects are lost |
| muscle (local) fatigue | diminished response of muscle to a repeated stimulus; normal, temporary, and reversible |
| type II fibers | phasic, fast-twitch, more tension in short amount of time |
| type I fibers | tonic, slow-twitch, less muscle tension sustained for long amount of time |
| type IIA vs. type IIB | IIB is more anaerobic & fatigues quicker |
| signs of muscle fatigue | uncomfortable sensation, pain, cramping, tremulousness, jerky movements, inability to complete ROM, substitutions, inability to continue, decline in peak torque |
| cardiopulmonary fatigue | diminished response of entire body from prolonged physical activity |
| Threshold for fatigue | level of fatigue that cannot be sustained indefinitely; sets baseline for adaptive changes to be measured |
| Factors that influence fatigue | health status, disease, diet, lifestyle, medications, & environmental factors (temp., air quality, altitude) |
| Recovery from exercise | usually 3 - 4 min. for acute exercise; lactic acid is removed within 1 hour |
| hypertrophy | increase in size (bulk) of individual muscle fiber caused by increase in myofibrillar volume; seen in 2 - 8 weeks w/ high-intensity resistance training |
| hyperplasia | increase in # of muscle fibers |
| alignment | determined by line of pull |
| stabilization | usually the proximate attachment of the muscle being strengthened; body weight may be enough especially in horizontal plane |
| external stabilization | applied manually by therapist or by equipment |
| internal stabilization | isometric contraction of adjacent muscle group not involved in movement pattern {ex: bilateral straight leg raise while contracting abs} |
Created by:
jteich
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